We derive the first closed-form optimal refinancing rule: Refinance when the current mortgage interest rate falls below the original rate by at least [Formula: see text] In this formula W(.) is the Lambert W-function, [Formula: see text]ρ is the real discount rate, λ is the expected real rate of exogenous mortgage repayment, σ is the standard deviation of the mortgage rate, κ/M is the ratio of ...

In proximal tubules isolated from chicken superficial loopless reptilian-type nephrons, intracellular pH (pHi), measured with pH-sensitive fluorescent dye 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein, was ∼7.1-7.2 under control conditions ( N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine- N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid-buffered medium with pH 7.4 at 37°C), and was reduced to ∼6.9 in response to NH4Cl pulse. The rate o...

service failure can put companies out of business if attention is not paid to this problem. the purposes of this study were to investigate the explanatory relationships between hotel guests’ perceptions of (a) service failure; (b) service recovery strategies in each service failure situation and behavioral intentions. this study explained the components of service recovery strategies used when ...

We have studied the effects of acute respiratory alkalosis (ARALK, hyperventilation) and acidosis (ARA, 8% CO2), chronic respiratory acidosis (CRA; 10% CO2 for 7-10 days), and subsequent recovery from CRA breathing air on loop of Henle (LOH) net bicarbonate flux ([Formula: see text]) by in vivo tubule microperfusion in anesthetized rats. In ARALK blood, pH increased to 7.6, and blood bicarbonat...

INTRODUCTION Serious bacterial infections continue to be an important cause of death and illness among infants in developing countries. Time to recovery could be considered a surrogate marker of severity of the infection. We therefore aimed to identify clinical and laboratory predictors of time to recovery in infants with probable serious bacterial infection (PSBI). METHODS We used the datase...

A formula for the revenue maximizing top tax rate is derived as a function of three elasticities. The formula applies to static models and to steady states of dynamic models and is relevant for the top tax rate on any component of income. The formula is applied to several classic models. The application of the formula is also illustrated using a quantitative human capital model. © 2017 Elsevier...

Using fish-covering model, this paper intuitively explains how to extend Hartley’s information formula to the generalized information formula step by step for measuring subjective information: metrical information (such as conveyed by thermometers), sensory information (such as conveyed by color vision), and semantic information (such as conveyed by weather forecasts). The pivotal step is to di...

this study proposed a new discharge estimation method using a mean velocity formula derived from chiu’s 2d velocity formula of probabilistic entropy concept and the river bed shear stress of channel. in particular, we could calculate the mean velocity, which is hardly measurable in flooding natural rivers, in consideration of several factors reflecting basic hydraulic characteristics such as r...

Patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) often require postoperative artificial nutrition. This trial was undertaken to evaluate whether the route of administration and the composition of the postoperative nutritional support could affect the immunometabolic response and outcome. A prospective, randomized trial was carried out in 212 subjects who underwent PD. Patients were randomized t...