Hysteretic behavior is found experimentally in the transmembrane potential at low extracellular potassium in mouse lumbrical muscle cells. Adding isoprenaline to the external medium eliminates the bistable, hysteretic region. The system can be modeled mathematically and understood analytically with and without isoprenaline. Inward rectifying potassium channels appear to be essential for the bis...

We reported that the resistive switching of Ag/In-Ga-Zn-O/Pt cells exhibited self-rectifying performance at low-resistance state (LRS). The self-rectifying behavior with reliability was dynamic at elevated temperature from 303 to 393 K. The Schottky barrier originated from the interface between Ag electrode and In-Ga-Zn-O films, identified by replacing Ag electrode with Cu and Ti metals. The re...

The immense increase of unstructured data require novel computing systems that can process the input with low power and parallel processing. This functionality is similar to human brains are composed numerous neurons, synapses, their complex connections. To mimic brain an electronic device, resistive switching device crossbar array has attracted considerable attention for artificial synaptic de...

A broadband Circuit Analogue (CA) absorber using double-circular-loop array is investigated in this paper. A simple equivalent circuit model is presented to accurately analyze this CA absorber. The circuit simulation of the proposed model agrees well with full-wave simulations. Optimization based the equivalent circuit model, is applied to design a single-layer circuit analogue absorber using d...

In this article, the authors show that geometric asymmetry in the layout of tunnel diodes yields asymmetry in the current-voltage I-V relationships associated with these diodes. Asymmetry improves diode performance. This effect is demonstrated for polysilicon–SiO2–Ti /Au and for Ni–NiO–Ni tunneling structures. For a polysilicon–SiO2–Ti /Au asymmetric tunneling diode ATD , sensitivity and I-V cu...

a high accurate and low-voltage analog cmos current divider which operates with a single power supply voltage is designed in 0.18µm cmos standard technology. the proposed divider uses a differential amplifier and transistor in triode region in order to perform the division. the proposed divider is modeled with neural network while tlbo algorithm is used to optimize it. the proposed optimization...

The auxiliary latitudes are essential tools in cartography. This paper summarizes methods for converting between them with an emphasis on providing full double-precision accuracy. includes series expansions the third flattening, where truncation error is precisely measured and estimates of radii convergence given. Also new formulas given computing rectifying authalic minimal roundoff error.