Children with a history of recurrent or unusual infections present a diagnostic challenge. Differentiation between frequent infections caused by common risk factors, versus primary immune dysfunction should be based on a detailed history and physical examination and, if indicated, followed by appropriate laboratory studies. A high index of suspicion could lead to an early diagnosis and treatmen...

The characteristics of 214 episodes of invasive bacterial infection among 176 patients with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease were examined. Streptococcus pneumoniae occurred in 81 episodes, Salmonella spp in 70, Haemophilus influenzae type b in 30, Escherichia coli in 24, and Klebsiella spp in nine. The cumulative incidence showed that S pneumoniae and H influenzae occurred predominantly bef...

UNLABELLED 1. Evaluating and treating bladder and bowel dysfunction are critical in reducing the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs). 2. The pathogenesis of Escherichia coli infections reveals that quiescent intracellular reservoirs may be antibiotic-protected sources of recurrent infections. OBJECTIVES 1. Review the documentation of UTI and the importance of the urine culture. 2. Underst...

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) constitute a major healthcare burden in children throughout the world. They tend to be recurrent, often causing multiple episodes of illness within a single year. Immature immune system, the presence of genetic and environmental factors and exposure to pathogens make young children highly susceptible to RTIs. These infections are still treated with antibiotic...

Fifty four patients aged from 1 to 6 years who had had recurrent attacks of wheezy bronchitis were prospectively followed up for three months to find out if there was an association between different viral respiratory infections and episodes of wheezing. Of the 115 episodes of upper or lower respiratory tract symptoms, virus or Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection were diagnosed in 52 (45%). Thirty ...

521 patients suffering from frequent urinary tract infections were included in this study. Patients were treated for 3 months with one capsule daily of Uro-Vaxom, together with any eventual antibiotic or chemotherapeutic, and observed for further 3 months. During this 6-month trial the number of recurrences was significantly reduced in comparison with the 6month pretrial period ( P < 0.001). Th...

The incidence of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections is rapidly increasing worldwide. However, the microbiological characteristics and clinical features of symptomatic CIED infections are not well described. The present study included patients with CIED infections in China, and their pocket tissues were collected for clinical microbiological determination. A total of 219 pat...

Fourteen published and three newly identified polymorphic microsatellites were used to genotype 69 Plasmodium vivax samples obtained from 39 patients detected over a period of two years who lived in a rural community of central Vietnam. All samples were polyclonal with an average expected heterozygosity of 0.86. Among the 39 patients, 16 experienced 1-5 recurrent episodes of P. vivax malaria, m...

Introduction. Coincidence of X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) and secondary hemophagocytic syndrome (sHS) is atypical. Both diseases are rare and pathogenesis of the latter one is not clearly known. Case Presentation. A 5-year-old boy was diagnosed both with XLA and sHS. However, in his history, he did not have severe and recurrent infections. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene mutation was pre...