While the notions of credit, debt and money are today almost exclusively associated with economic discourse, their semantic fields prove to be significantly wider more complex. This article seeks restore repressed meanings these three notions. Its aim consists a deconstruction dominant narratives on debt, trust, that would show concepts should primarily considered as social, rather than solely ...

www.philadelphiafed.org R eports in the popular press and policymakers’ concerns about student loans have greatly intensified in recent years because of rising student loan balances and defaults. Even greater cause for concern arose as student loans outstanding passed credit card debt to become the single largest nonmortgage household debt in 2012. Worries about the risk of massive default have...

This paper explores the potential presence of credit constraints confronting Irish SMEs and investigates the impact of these constraints on firms’ employment and investment. Using new survey data collected by the Department of Finance, we define firms as credit rationed or discouraged borrowers and link these constraints to employment and the propensity to invest. We find a negative and signifi...

The standard model of pass-through in imperfectly competitive markets focuses on double marginalization of rents and highlights the importance of the curvature of demand curve. We develop a model of equilibrium prices in a supply chain with financing intermediaries to incorporate credit rationing faced by wholesale traders. The financing intermediaries help relax the quantitative credit limits ...

The paper develops a simple theoretical framework of financial discipline during the stabilization of a transition economy, from which it derives an empirical measure to assess whether the banking sector has started to act as a source of financial discipline, or just as a temporary buffer for enterprise losses. The model suggests that in the presence of active bank monitoring the correlation be...

Multiagent systems have had a powerful impact on the real world. Many of the systems it studies (air traffic, satellite coordination, rover exploration) are inherently multi-objective, but they are often treated as single-objective problems within the research. A key concept within multiagent systems is that of credit assignment: quantifying an individual agent’s impact on the overall system pe...

Data mining is the process of collecting and analyzing useful patterns from huge amount of data, it has five major functions, clustering is one of them. In clustering, we make clusters of same data. The items in one group of cluster are alike while different from items which are in some other group of cluster. In image segmentation clustering approach is used for making segments of images and i...