The increasing use of VAR globally affects the refereeing role and may have unintended gendered consequences for referees. This scoping review 1) summarizes maps research on refereeing, gender, in football, 2) identifies analyzes knowledge gaps field, 3) suggests recommendations practice, future research. indicates that combination gender technology, how they impact role, is not featured Instea...

Violence in sports has the greatest impact media, especially on television. In case of refereeing, although there are studies that have specifically addressed violence, those performed female referees not had same repercussions. Accordingly, aim this paper is to analyse media coverage violence against Brazil and Spain. parallel, its intention reflect perceptions respect. The methodology employe...

BACKGROUND During a soccer game, the cardiovascular system is severely taxed The referees must be alert and their level of fitness must be such that fatigue will not impair their decision-making. Referee's peak overall performance is usually after 40 when the performance starts to decline. We evaluated the morphological and functional cardiac profile of professional soccer referees. MATERIALS...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether male and female soccer (football) referees would execute the Laws of the Game despite players' verbal abuse. Law 12 (Fouls and misconduct) instructs the referees as to how they should react when a player, substitute or substituted player expresses a swear word. The player should be issued a red card. Referees (n = 113) were presented with 28 sw...

The referee has responsibility for control of players' behaviour during competitive football and implementing the rules of the game. To do this, the referee and the two assistant referees are obliged to keep up with play. Referees cover 10,000 m on average during a game, mean heart rate is about 160 - 165 beats . min(-1) and oxygen uptake is close to 80% of maximum (VO(2max). Assistant referees...

This report examines the agility and level of acceleration capacity of Spanish soccer referees and investigates the possible differences between field referees of different categories. The speed test consisted of 3 maximum acceleration stretches of 15 metres. The change of direction ability (CODA) test used in this study was a modification of the Modified Agility Test (MAT). The study included ...

Peer review is a hallmark of scientific publishing, yet finding peers to conduct reviews is increasingly challenging. Some attribute this challenge to the “tragedy of the referee commons,” wherein selfish behaviors related to the publication of scientific manuscripts lead to unsustainable use of potential referees and a reduction in the quality of scientific publications. To address the tragedy...

Aim: to develop and experimentally substantiate the use of video manual "Challenge for Referees" in sports training young basketball referees playing season.
 Material methods: (30 people), category C, (18-20 years old) refereeing experience one year took part experiment. The control experimental groups 15 people were randomly allocated. All participants agreed participate study was conduc...

This paper presents an agent-based model of peer review that looks at the effect of different editorial policies of referee selection. We tested four author/referee matching scenarios as follows: random selection of referees, selection of referees with a similar status to submission authors, selection of higher-skilled and lower skilled referees. We tested these scenarios against three types of...