Results: The prevalence of significant refractive error was 5.2%, 75/1439, (95% CI) being responsible for 92.6 % of all causes of poor eyesight. Hypermetropia accounted for 3.2% (95% CI), myopia 1.7% (95% CI) and astigmatism 0.3% (95% CI) of refractive errors. Myopia was more likely to be present in the pupils aged 14 to 15 years than those aged 12 to 13 years with OR 2.9 (0.1 – 9.2) which was ...

Aim: We aimed to compare the results of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and femtosecond-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) procedures treatment myopia myopic astigmatism.
 Material Method: Seventy eyes 35 patients with and/or astigmatism who had undergone PRK procedure were compared retrospectively 70 FS-LASIK procedure. 
 Results: All completed 2-year follow-up period...

in addition to graft clarity, an acceptable refractive error is essential to consider a corneal transplant successful. the most common complication of penetrating keratoplasty (pk) is postkeratoplasty astigmatism which can result in decreased visual acuity, anisometropia, and mono-ocular diplopia. these complications can cause patient dissatisfaction, in spite of a successful transplant. intrao...

High astigmatism correction represents a challenge for the refractive surgeon with current available technology. Excimer laser correction should be considered as an option in the available therapeutic arsenal. We report a patient with astigmatism higher than eight diopters to whom it was used a treatment with LASIK (Laser Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis) in two surgical moments, using a new gen...

PURPOSE To investigate the effectiveness of femtosecond laser-assisted intrastromal relaxing incisions for astigmatism management and establish laser treatment parameters. METHODS Sixteen eyes of 16 patients had regular astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty. All sutures had been removed and the refraction was stabilized. Paired arcuate intrastromal incisions were made 180° apart within t...

To the Editor: I read with interest the October editorial, “JRS Standard for Reporting Astigmatism Outcomes of Refractive Surgery”1 by Reinstein et al.; however, some clarification is required. I advocated common standards for reporting surgically induced astigmatism in 1997.2 In 2008, a comprehensive analysis of assessment methods and statistical analysis of surgically induced astigmatism was ...

A successful corneal graft requires both clarity and an acceptable refraction. A clear corneal graft may be an optical failure if high astigmatism limits visual acuity. Intraoperative measures to reduce postkeratoplasty astigmatism include round and central trephination of cornea with an adequate size, appropriate sutures with evenly distributed tension, and perfect graft-host apposition. Sutur...

Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) is a flap-free intrastromal technique for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism. To date, this technique lacks automated centration and cyclotorsion control, so several concerns have been raised regarding its capability to correct moderate or high levels of astigmatism. The objective of this paper is to review the reported SMILE outcomes for...

We read with interest the article by Savini and Naeser on refractive astigmatism following toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. In the group of 40 eyes phacoemulsification was performed through a 2.75-mm temporal incision. In Table 1 it was indicated that surgical-induced corneal astigmatism along the surgical meridian (mean 6 SD) was -0.15 6 0.40 diopters (D; range, -0.81 to þ0.79 D) in ...

PURPOSE To study the induced refractive change caused by different 2.8-mm corneal incision locations in phacoemulsification. METHODS One hundred ten patients were randomly assigned to nasal or temporal incision or to superior incision, depending on preexisting astigmatism. The authors fulfilled visual acuity, refraction, keratometry, and eye scanner analysis before and after phacoemulsificati...