ramadan is considered a holy month in the islamic calendar. during this month, all able-bodied muslim adults refrain from foods, drinks, smoking, and medications from dawn until sunset. in islamic rules, patients and those for whom fasting may have major health risks are exempted from fasting during ramadan. there is still no consensus regarding the effects of ramadan fasting, as a unique oppor...

Meaningful collaborations between archaeologists and descendant communities nations is a necessary component of archaeological practice in the 2020s beyond. While calls for decolonising social sciences humanities have become common refrain, practical methodologies supplanting settler-colonial research been less apparent. We detail how development independent radiocarbon-based chronologies archa...

Abstract The identification and construction of datasets human activities is an extremely time-consuming resource intensive task, yet researchers cannot refrain from such datasets. publicly available may not reflect all the researchers’ requirements are scrupulously documented. In addition, these can cope with just a limited predefined set behaviors. To address challenges, we developed instrume...

In recent decades, advancements in information technology allowed Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems to predict future outcomes with unprecedented success. This brought the widespread deployment of these methods many fields, intending support decision-making. A pressing question is how make AI robust common challenges real-life scenarios and trustworthy. my work, I plan explore ways enhance t...

Premarital agreements are recognized by Indonesian positive law as binding on both parties, with the Marriage Registry Officer serving official witness. Furthermore, aims of Islamic and secrets established Allah for every law, including marriage contract, called maqasid al-syari ah. It may be inferred that contract is in compliance ah, based study. Because it safeguards constitutional rights hu...

The article is devoted to the question of whether unknowable obligations are possible. According popular view (known as Access), an act obligatory only if its agent can know that this obligatory. Sorensen (1995) argues against Access, and Sider Wieland both defend Access by suggesting (S) – For any obligation O, individual X must refrain from making O unknowable. We consider various difficultie...

On May 25th, 2020, George Floyd’s death sparked an international outrage that embroils all extremes of the political, ethical, legal, and historical discourse on racist policing practices. Yet, there are STEM professionals who refrain from public political discussions simply because they believe these irrelevant to their professions. The purpose this article is call those have remained silent s...

According to epistemic reductionism about practical reasons, facts reasons can be reduced evidence for ought-judgements. We argue that this view misconstrues conflicts. At least some conflicts between put us in a position know an action ϕ is optional, i.e. we neither ought perform nor refrain from performing the action. By understanding of as what one do, fails account this. In conflict cases w...

ABSTRACT We show that information aggregation in primary financial markets fails precisely when investors hold socially useful for screening projects. Being wary of the Winner's Curse, less optimistic refrain from making financing offers, since their offers would be accepted only a project is unviable. Their therefore lost. The Curse and associated loss grow with number informed market particip...