Planning a trip with an electric vehicle requires consideration of both battery dynamics and the availability of charging infrastructure. Recharging costs for an electric vehicle, which increase as the battery’s charge level increases, are fundamentally different than refueling costs for conventional vehicles, which do not depend on the amount of fuel already in the tank. Furthermore, the viabi...

We introduce a practically important and theoretically challenging problem: finding the minimum cost path for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in a network with refueling and battery switching stations, considering electricity and gasoline as sources of energy with different cost structures and limitations. We show that this problem is NP-complete even though its electric vehicle and co...

One of the most critical barriers to widespread adoption of electric cars is the lack of charging station infrastructure. Although it is expected that a sufficient number of charging stations will be constructed eventually, due to various practical reasons they may have to be introduced gradually over time. In this paper, we formulate a multi-period optimization model based on a flow-refueling ...

A self-circulation system is presented for a self-refueling insect-mountable biofuel cell (BFC) using trehalose, the main sugar of insect hemolymph. The maximum power density of 10.5 μW/cm was obtained from cockroach hemolymph (CHL) with added trehalase and mutarotase. The electrodes were protected by a dialysis membrane to prevent decrease of open-circuit voltage by adsorption of proteins in t...

The flow refueling location problem (FRLP) locates p stations in order to maximize the flow volume that can be accommodated in a road network respecting the range limitations of the vehicles. This paper introduces the charging station location problem with plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (CSLP-PHEV) as a generalization of the FRLP. We consider not only the electric vehicles but also the plug-i...

One of the main reasons for the development of space manipulators is to replace astronauts to perform tasks that involving long, repetitive operations and unhealthy, hazardous environment. Due to the particular harsh environment of space and the increasing demands of satellite maintenance, on-orbit refueling and assembly etc., the application of space robot has received significant attention. S...