T   he completed MCI includes three main channels of interest rate, exchange rate and credit rate. In developing countries such as Iran, this indicator, which contains a credit channel, could be better used to illustrate the country’s monetary condition. This study has been done to calculate this index for the period of 1978–2012. For this purpose, the function of the total economy demand ...

in this paper we examine the effect of the oil volatility, consumer price index (cpi) and industrial production on the stock market return in tehran stock exchange (tse). we used seasonal data in period 1378-1390 and auto regressive distributed method (ardl) for the short-term and long-term relationship between the variables. as results of research indicate, we find that there is positive short...

In this increasingly globalized era, foreign direct investments are considered to be one of the most important sources external financing for all countries. This paper investigates causal relationship between trade openness and investment (FDI) inflows in Romania during period 1997–2019. Throughout study, Trade Openness is main independent variable, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Real Effective ...

The United Nations Climate Conference 25, held in December 2019, reached a significant agreement against implementing the Paris come 2020. Bound by contract, 189 countries who are party to deal agreed constrain worldwide temperature ascend 1.5° Celsius. To this end, present study attempts investigate readiness of selected European Union implement agreement, which will better quality global envi...

The liberalization of economies is aimed at boosting domestic growth through foreign investment and trade. proponents argue that opening up markets in developing provides access to capital enhance production. However, the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) trade agreements have led export carbon-intensive production from wealthier countries economies. difference between two outcomes lies nature f...

Foreign direct investment is crucial for economic development, particularly in emerging economies. Recently, developing countries has seen a rise the rate of foreign (FDI) inflows on an annual basis. Tax holidays, allowances, exemptions, deductions, and other tax breaks are some incentives that number providing effort to attract more (FDI). The purpose this study investigate how decisions about...

There has been a monotonic increase in research investigating the performance of commercial banks across globe. This is recognition that banking and financial sector significant contribution to service national output. paper analyzed determinants bank’s category macroeconomic, bank-specific structure factors Malawi. The study employed an autoregressive distributed (ARDL) approach/bounds cointeg...

Mitigating global warming has been a challenge, and policymakers are responding to this issue by strengthening the commitment enhance renewable energy target from 20 31 percent in 2025 for Malaysia. However, adopting stages based solely on microeconomic factors, such as price of energy, is insufficient. Thus, it essential investigate macroeconomic variables that influence share In detail, study...

Since the opening up of China, its manufacturing sector contributed significantly toward economic development on one hand and caused elevated environmental pollution heavy resource consumption problems other hand. Green productivity is an essential means addressing promoting sustainable performance long-term growth. When factors affecting green total factor energy (GTFEP) are studied in recent ...