PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH over the past two decades demonstrates the power of the neurobiological paradigm. However, this progress is connected with a restricted field of vision typical of any scientific paradigm. The psychiatrist should be aware of this restriction, because, unlike the brain scientist, he deals with patients, not with brains. The restricted view may be described by the terms ...

The purpose of this paper is to examine different modelling strategies available in a multiplicative formal ontology, and the principles that drive their choice. This study is based on the results of recent work aiming at extending the foundational ontology DOLCE to grasp two quite different notions, that of artefact and that of role. These results, summarized in the paper, show that two multip...

Many data models do not directly support -ary relationships. In most cases, they are either reduced to some of their binary projections or directly translated into an -ary “relationship relation” in the relational model. This paper addresses the reification of an -ary relationship into a new class with binary relationships and studies the preservation of semantics in the translation. It shows t...

THETERM'heredity' was brought into the English language to match the French use of 'heredite'. This happened between 1860 and 1870, when a noun was needed to refer to the maturing domain of scientific enquiry that had come to crystallize around the set of phenomena that were previously loosely clustered around the adjective 'hereditary'. French physicians had been using 'heredite' in such a spe...

In our work a new approach, the Distributed Knowledge Management (DKM) approach, is used and organizations are seen as constellations of communities, which “own” local knowledge and exchange it through meaning negotiation coordination processes. In order to reify communities within a DKM system, the concept of Knowledge Node (KN) is used and then applied in a case study: a complex Italian natio...

There is a set of clear-cut challenges, all centering around knowledge, that have received insufficient attention in AI, and whose solution could bring the realization of Turing’s dream – the dream of a machine we can talk with just like a person, and which is therefore (at least) our intellectual equal. These challenges have to do with the representation of linguistically expressible knowledge...

The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a specification that aims to support the conceptual modeling of metadata or information about resources in the form of a directed graph composed of triples of knowledge (facts). RDF also provides mechanisms to encode meta-information (such as source, trust, and certainty) about facts already existing in a knowledge base through a process called reific...

A key mission of computer science is to enable people realize their creative ideas as naturally and painlessly as possible. Software engineering is at the center of this mission — software technologies enable reification of ideas into working systems. As computers become ubiquitous, both in availability and the aspects of human lives they touch, the quantity and diversity of ideas also rapidly ...

This article points to the paradox in feminist citation practices. It provides a brief overview of key issues at stake citational By highlighting ways which logic territoriality, authority and property continues inform mood mode moralistic repair, it cautions again reification certain racialised gendered bodies as remedy, ground supplement for research ethics. Thinking through figure (bio)degra...

The advent of the computer and computer science, and in particular virtual reality, offers new experiment possibilities with numerical simulations and introduces a new type of investigation for the complex systems study : the in virtuo experiment. This work lies on the framework of multi-agent systems. We propose a generic model for systems biology based on reification of the interactions, on a...