The performance of a wide variety of ultra-sensitive devices employing nanoelectromechanical resonators is determined by their mechanical quality factor, yet energy dissipation in these systems remains poorly understood. Here we develop a comprehensive theory of friction in high frequency resonators caused by the radiation of elastic energy into the support substrate, referred to as clamping lo...

In the past few years much physical evidence has accumulated that the A-bomb survivors at Hiroshima were exposed to significant doses of neutrons, in contrast to the predictions of the current DS86 dosimetry. We discuss some biological measurements of exchange-type chromosomal aberrations in survivors at Hiroshima, which also strongly imply that the survivors received a significant neutron dose...

"Rainbow trapping" has been proposed as a scheme for localized storage of broadband electromagnetic radiation in metamaterials and plasmonic heterostructures. Here, we articulate the dispersion and power flow characteristics of rainbow trapping structures, and show that tapered waveguide structures composed of dielectric core and metal cladding are best suited for light trapping. A metal-insula...

This paper introduces the resonant body transistor (RBT), a silicon-based dielectrically transduced nanoelectromechanical (NEM) resonator embedding a sense transistor directly into the resonator body. Combining the benefits of FET sensing with the frequency scaling capabilities and high quality factors (Q) of internal dielectrically transduced bar resonators, the resonant body transistor achiev...

The aim of this work is to predict relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for protons and clinically relevant heavier ions, by using a simplified semi-empirical process based on rational expectations and published experimental results using different ion species. The model input parameters are: Z (effective nuclear charge) and radiosensitivity parameters αL and βL of the control low linear ene...

Our cell survival data showed the obvious dependence of RBE on photon energy: The RBE value for 200 kV X-rays was approximately 10% greater than those for mega-voltage photon beams. In radiation therapy using mega-voltage photon beams, the photon energy distribution outside the field is different with that in the radiation field because of a large number of low energy scattering photons. Hence,...

A wave demultiplexer system with channels in a two-dimensional photonic crystal is proposed. The demultiplexer is realized by the coupling among an ultra-low-quality factor microcavity and resonators with high-quality factor. The coupling mode theory is employed to analyze the behavior of this system. The analytic results reveal that the reflection is fully absent at the peak frequencies for al...

For all one-hit detectors the relative effectiveness of a mixed radiation field may be found as the dose-weighted average of the relative effectiveness of its components, segregated according to the atomic number Z and the energy T. We emphasize that this procedure is incorrect for mammalian cells, whatever the nature of the segregation.