Previous investigations of human pharyngeal muscle activation patterns during swallowing found a relatively invariant muscle activation onset sequence in the upright position. However, different gravitational forces influence a liquid bolus when supine and could modify the central timing control of laryngeal airway protection during swallowing. The purpose of this study was to determine whether...

Our sense of relative timing is malleable. For instance, visual signals can be made to seem synchronous with earlier sounds following prolonged exposure to an environment wherein auditory signals precede visual ones. Similarly, actions can be made to seem to precede their own consequences if an artificial delay is imposed for a period, and then removed. Here, we show that our sense of relative ...

While the timing of neuronal activity in the olfactory bulb (OB) relative to sniffing has been the object of many studies, the behavioral relevance of timing information generated by patterned activation within the bulbar response has not been explored. Here we show, using sniff-triggered, dynamic, 2-D, optogenetic stimulation of mitral/tufted cells, that virtual odors that differ by as little ...

A variety of techniques has been used to establish a timing fiducial for the x-ray emission. An x-ray fiducial can be obtained by coating the target with a thin layer of high-Z material whose characteristic x-ray emission is discriminated spectroscopi~aIly.~-3 The drawbacks of this technique are that the presence of the high-Z layer can alter the laserplasma interaction significantly and that t...

Solicitation signals by offspring are well known to influence parental behaviour, and it is commonly assumed that this behavioural effect translates into an effect on residual reproduction of parents. However, this equivalence assumption concerning behavioural and reproductive effects caused by offspring signals remains largely untested. Here, we tested the effect of a chemical offspring signal...

The intrinsic advantages of whole-word acoustic modeling are offset by the problem of data sparsity. To address this, we present several parametric approaches to estimating intra-word phonetic timing models under the assumption that relative timing is independent of word duration. We show evidence that the timing of phonetic events is well described by the Gaussian distribution. We explore the ...

We proposed and analyzed implementation of the single-qutrit quantum gates based on stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) between magnetic sublevels in atoms coupled by pulsed laser fields. This technique requires only the control of the relative phase of the driving fields but do not involve any dynamical or geometrical phases, which make it independent of the other interaction details: ...