conclusions it is suggested to consider practical programs to maintain religious believes in students. materials and methods this was a descriptive analytic study. study population was 370 students selected by census sampling from all students of this faculty. gathering data tools were religious attitude questionnaire (golriz and brahani 1974) and life orientation test questionnaire (lot-r). re...

Religion and science are often perceived as being, to some degree, in opposition to each other. The reasons for such a view are considered, and are seen to derive from a certain particular conception of science and of religion: On the one hand, scientific method is viewed as too rigorous and restrictive to apply to religion, while on the other hand, religious experience is viewed as peculiarly ...

Modern medicine makes use of the natural sciences and their methods, which forgo the “God hypothesis”, explaining sickness and health „etsi Deus non daretur“. Up to modernity, the cultural history of sickness and health is, to a great extent, the history of religion. Only the advent of modern medicine, based on natural science, leads to a separation of medicine and religion, and thus also of he...

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Using information on thousands of books written in the medieval Islamic world, I document a sustained decline in innovative intellectual production starting in the 12th century CE. I show that this decline coincides with an increase in the percentage of books dedicated to religious topics and in the proportion of authors employed in religious occupations. These findings are consistent with hist...