AIM The aim of the present in vitro study was the evaluation of two products: a CPP-ACP paste (GC Tooth Mousse, GC Corp.) and a desensitizing toothpaste (Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief, Colgate-Palmolive) on preventing enamel erosion produced by a soft drink (Coca Cola) by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). METHODS Thirty enamel specimens were assigned to 6 groups of 5 specimens each. 1: inta...

Sinking aggregates are the major component of the vertical particulate flux in most regions of the ocean. Controlling factors for aggregate remineralization rates and solute exchange with the surrounding water, however, are poorly quantified because of few empirical data. To study the role of flow and diffusion on aggregate remineralization rates, oxygen distributions were mapped within and aro...

OBJECTIVE An intra-oral remineralization study was conducted to compare the ability of a dentifrice containing 8% arginine and calcium carbonate (Pro-Argin Technology), and 1450 ppm fluoride as sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) to remineralize acid-softened bovine enamel specimens compared to a silica-based dentifrice with 1450 ppm fluoride as MFP. METHODS The intra-oral clinical study employe...

While our knowledge of the dental caries process and its prevention has greatly advanced over the past fifty years, it is fair to state that the management of this disease at the level of the individual patient remains largely empirical. Recommendations for fluoride use by patients at different levels of caries risk are mainly based on the adage that more is better. There is a general understan...

The outer western Crimean shelf of the Black Sea is a natural laboratory to investigate effects of stable oxic versus varying hypoxic conditions on seafloor biogeochemical processes and benthic community structure. Bottom-water oxygen concentrations ranged from normoxic (175 μmol O2 L ) and hypoxic (< 63 μmol O2 L ) or even anoxic/sulfidic conditions within a few kilometers’ distance. Variation...

Sinking particles formed in the photic zone and moving vertically through the water column are a main mechanism for nutrient transport to the deep ocean, and a key component of the biological carbon pump. The particles appear to be processed by a microbial community substantially different from the surrounding waters. Single cell genomics and metagenomics were employed to describe the successio...

Parts 5 and 6 of this series examine innovations in diagnostic and management procedures and assess their potential to become everyday tools of the dental clinician. This paper examines some of the diagnostic tools supporting a philosophical shift in mainstream dental practice from concern with extensively decayed teeth to a focus on detecting incipient demineralized tissues. With the latter ap...

Enamel and dentin are susceptible to acids from food sources leading dental erosion, a global problem affecting millions of individuals. Particulate hydroxyapatite (HAP) on the tooth surface can influence effects acid attacks. Standardized bovine enamel samples with artificial saliva used in an vitro cyclic demineralization–remineralization protocol analyze structural changes experienced by sur...