BACKGROUND We address some critical but unknown parameters of individuals and populations of Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) that influence leptospiral infection, maintenance and spirochetal loads shed in urine, which contaminates the environment ultimately leading to human infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Our study, conducted in Salvador, Brazil, established the average load of lept...

Two different approaches were applied for retrieval of HRA. The first approach is based on the modal representation of the low-frequency acoustic field. Let us assume that there is a set of hydrophones located at points ( . This set combines hydrophones belonging to all five vertical line arrays (VLA). The profiles of acoustic modes are given by , and the corresponding propagation ) ) x y z α α...

BACKGROUND Clinical determination of mild splenomegaly is notoriously inaccurate. OBJECTIVES To determine sonographically the spleen to left kidney ratio according to age and somatometric parameters among school age children in a tropical environment. METHODS A cross sectional study and convenience sampling were done on 947 apparently healthy subjects (496 boys and 451 girls) aged 6-17 year...

We investigated the genetic basis of several limb bone lengths and weights of organs in mice produced from a cross of the F1 between CAST/Ei (wild strain) and M16i (selected for rapid growth rate) back to M16i. From previous correlation studies, we hypothesized that quantitative trait loci (QTLs) would exhibit greater pleiotropy within than between the limb length and organ weight character set...

tortuous veins coursing across its surface. It somewhat resembles in shape a gigantic kidney. There is no enlargement of theaxillavy glands. The child is in fair health aud does not complain of pain except on handling the growth. It was resolved to remove it. The following measurements of it were taken :? From its root at the neck to its junction at the humerus above the elbow, 15\ inches. Cros...

Two hundred and five healthy Malaysian adults were scanned for the length of their kidneys and the cortical thickness by both the sector real time and linear array static B-scan diagnostic ultrasound. The length of the left kidney was found to measure 105 (98-111) mm for males, and 100 (94-106) mm for females on average from the sector scan and the static B-scan. The right renal length was 102 ...

background: left ventricular dysfunction is one of the most powerful predictors of early and late outcomes in patients who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (cabg). the aim of this study was to assess the early results of cabg that predict 30-day mortality and prolonged length of hospital stay (los) after cabg in patients with an ejection fraction (ef) of 30% or less. methods: seven hundr...

introduction: the selection of   optimal treatment of obstructive nephrouropathy requires information about the functional status of each kidney. nuclear renal scanning objectively measure differential renal function, multiple studies have demonstrated the role of assessment of renal perfusion and gfr with triphasic ct. the aim of this study is to assess the role of ct based on renal parenchyma...

In the pediatric patient, traumatic injury is the leading cause of death and blunt trauma is themost commonmechanism of injury. Renal injuries account for 8 to 12% of pediatric blunt abdominal injuries. Children, more so than adults, are prone to sustain major renal injury due to blunt trauma given the relatively large size of pediatric kidneys and decreased protection in children.1–3 The prima...

BACKGROUND Uretero-ileal anastomotic stricture (UIAS) is a urological complication after ileal neobladder, the initial management being endourological intervention. If this fails or stricture recurs, surgical intervention will be indicated. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS From 1994 to 2013, 129 patients were treated for UIAS after unsuccessful endourological intervention. Unilateral UIAS was present ...