Aminoglycosides are widely used to treat infections; however, their applications are limited by nephrotoxicity. With the increase of antibiotic resistance, the use of aminoglycosides is inevitable. Low-molecular-weight chitosan (LMWC) has shown renal protective effects in dialysis patients. However, no study has evaluated LMWC for preventing aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity or determined t...

BACKGROUND Novel treatment strategies are required to reduce the development of hepatic injury during surgical procedure in which renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) is inevitable. Remote perconditioning (rPeC) has been proved to reduce the extent of kidney damages induced by renal IR injury. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of rPeC against hepatic injury caused by renal...

Chronic Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy (AAN) is a progressive chronic kidney disease related to herb medicine. However, treatment for chronic AAN remains ineffective. We report here that Smad7 is protective and has therapeutic potential for chronic AAN. In a mouse model of chronic AAN, progressive renal injury was associated with a loss of renal Smad7 and disruption of Smad7 largely aggravated t...

Activation of the purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) has been associated with the development of experimental nephritis and diabetic and hypertensive nephropathy. However, its role in acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of P2X7R inhibition in a murine model of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced AKI using A438079, a selective inhibitor of P2X7R. At 24 ...

There is an increasing number of clinical studies suggesting that acute kidney injury (AKI) can be complicated by the onset of progressive renal disease. Indeed, given the frequency of AKI in hospitalized patients, it could potentially be a leading cause of, or contributor to, end-stage renal disease. Insights into the natural history of AKI and potential mechanisms for disease progression can ...

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to test the potential protective effects of the organic vanadium salt bis (maltolato) oxovanadium (BMOV; 15 mg/kg) in the context of renal ischemia/reperfusion (30 min of ischemia) and its effects on renal oxygenation and renal function in the acute phase of reperfusion (up to 90 min post-ischemia). METHODS Ischemia was established in anesthetized a...

TGF-β1 has been long considered as a key mediator in renal fibrosis and induces renal scarring largely by activating its downstream Smad signaling pathway. Interestingly, while mice overexpressing active TGF-β1 develop progressive renal injury, latent TGF-β1 plays a protective role in renal fibrosis and inflammation. Under disease conditions, Smad2 and Smad3 are highly activated, while Smad7 is...

Several studies suggest that acute ischemia reperfusion (IR) of the kidney results in deterioration of its performance resulting in bad outcome of kidney transplantation operations and major operations in which the kidneys are exposed to acute ischemia reperfusion. The present study was designed to investigate if sildenafil citrate (SC) has a protective role in renal I/R injury and to study its...

Renal histology results are very scarce in dengue-associated rhabdomyolysis patients developing acute kidney injury (AKI). We report a case of dengue fever-induced AKI associated to rhabdomyolysis with a renal biopsy showing acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and renal deposition of myoglobin. A 28-year-old patient who presented dengue fever (DF) complicated by severe AKI and rhabdomyolysis is descri...