not suitable for transplantation because of a congenital Introduction anomaly. The recipient was a 40-year-old Saudi patient who A patient with chronic renal failure on haemodialysis had been on haemodialysis for over 7 years. He had was on the high urgency list for renal transplantation extensive problems with vascular access on dialysis. because of the multiple failures of vascular access. He...

Recent developments in our understanding of vitamin D show that it plays a significant role in immunological health, uniquely occupying both an anti-microbial and immunoregulatory niche. Vitamin D deficiency is widespread amongst renal transplant recipients (RTRs), thus providing one patho-mechanism that may influence the achievement of a successful degree of immunosuppression. It may also infl...

Background: Primary infection with BK virus (BKV) is occurred during childhood and usually asymptomatic, but after initial infection, BKV may persist lifelong in the kidney and genitourinary tract. Reactivation may occur in individuals with compromised immunity such as renal transplant recipients. Due to the role of BKV in BK virus-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) and po...

Resiniferatoxin (RTX) is an ultrapotent synthetic TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1) agonist with significant initial transient hyperalgesia followed by a prolonged analgesic effect in response to thermal stimulus. Using a rat model of neuropathic pain, we evaluated the effect of pretreatment with clonidine-which has been shown to relieve intradermal capsaicin-induced hype...

Infections caused by commensal bacteria may be fatal for the patients under immunosuppressive therapy. This results also from difficulty in identification of high risk strains. Enterococcal infections are increasingly frequent but despite many studies on virulence traits, the difference between commensal and pathogenic strains remains unclear. Prophages are newly described as important elements...

OBJECTIVE To compare the approved treatment of rheumatoid arthritis using rituximab + methotrexate (RTX + MTX) versus the off-label treatment variants of RTX in monotherapy or RTX in combination with leflunomide (RTX + LEF). METHODS We included RTX-naive patients enrolled in the German biologics register RABBIT (Rheumatoid Arthritis: Observation of Biologic Therapy) between 2007 and 2012 (n =...

background cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic infectious disease in iran caused by flagellated protozoa. the most common cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis is l. major. we report a case of disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis after renal transplantation. a 50-year old man received renal transplantation three months ago for diabetes mellitus-associated renal failure. before renal transplantatio...

We report the case of an 11-year-old previously healthy girl who presented for microscopic hematuria and nephrotic proteinuria with normal renal function, which persisted after 6 months of steroids, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi)/angiotensin receptor blockers, hydroxychloroquine, mycophenolic acid and a low-salt diet. A serum investigation suggested lupus nephritis and a renal ...

BACKGROUND Rituximab (RTX) can be used as a rescue therapy for steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS). However, the efficacy and safety of long-term, repeated use of RTX are not established. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of long-term, repeated RTX treatment in children. METHODS Eighteen consecutive child patients with SDNS who were treated with three or more ...

Background & Aims: Hypertension, hyperuricaemia and nephrotoxicity are some common side-effects of Cyclosporine A (CsA) treatment in renal transplant recipients. Previous studies suggest that Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB) can increase serum level of CsA and may improve graft function in patients receiving CsA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Diltiazem and Amlodipine on cyc...