We start by making a distinction between mind and cognition, and by positing that cognition is an aspect of mind. We propose as a working hypothesis a Separability Hypothesis which posits that we can factor off an architecture for cognition from a more general architecture for mind, thus avoiding a number of philosophical objections that have been raised about the "Strong AI" hypothesis. We the...

New Directions Reasoning research has long been associated with paper and pencil tasks in which peoples’ reasoning skills are judged against established normative conventions (e.g., Logic). In this way researchers have tried to assess the extent to which we can think rationally, and of course how we deviate from normative conventions. The “fruit flies” of this domain have been the Wason selecti...

While it has become increasingly clear that the Tree of Life hypothesis has limitations in its ability to describe the evolution of all evolving entities on the planet, there has been a marked reluctance to move away from the tree-based language. Ironically, while modifying the idea of the Tree of Life to the extent that it is only very distantly related to its original descriptions, there has ...

In his book, Thinking, Fast and Slow, Daniel Kahneman attributes experientially-learned real-world coping skills to an " associative machine " acting on declarative memories of facts and events. While this attribution is probably correct for the unfamiliar types of situations that are the subject of his famous experiments conducted with Amos Tversky, we argue that experientially-learned real-wo...

background: philosophical thinking is an activity that focuses on the mind, sensitivity, understanding and links between them. managers with philosophical thinking are able to make decisions for the entire organization. they make fewer errors and provide a balance between manpower and organization maintenance. such abilities can be influenced by demographic characteristics of the managers. the ...

conclusions the project succeeded in using focus group data from academics to inform software development while at the same time retaining the benefits of broader philosophical dimensions of critical thinking. materials and methods critiique is flexible, authorable software that guides students step-by-step through critical appraisal of research papers. the spelling of critiique was deliberate,...

abstract recent interest in teaching thinking has lead different researchers to examine different approaches in education to find effective methods and approaches for teaching thinking. through a qualitative case analysis, this study attempted to identify the effects of the infusion model of teaching thinking implemented through a dialogic approach on a phd candidate’s critical thinking skills....

background: enhancing nursing students’ critical thinking is a challenge faced by nurse educators. this study aimed at determiningthe effect of clinical concept mapping on discipline-based critical thinking of nursing students. materials and methods: in this quasi-experimental post-test only design, a convenient sample of 4th year nursing students (n = 32)participated. they were randomly divide...