Two radiation mechanisms, inverse Compton scattering (ICS) and synchrotron radiation (SR), suffice within the cannonball (CB) model of long gamma ray bursts (LGRBs) and X-ray flashes (XRFs) to provide a very simple and accurate description of their observed prompt emission and afterglows. Simple as they are, the two mechanisms and the burst environment generate the rich structure of the light c...

We previously proposed a quantitative model of early visual processing in primates, based on non-linearly interacting visual filters and statistically efficient decision. We now use this model to interpret the observed modulation of a range of human psychophysical thresholds with and without focal visual attention. Our model calibrated by an automatic fitting procedure simultaneously reproduces...

Introduction Trhe titration curve for the expressed juice of etiolated wheat seedlings has a pronounced inflection above pH 8.0 (fig. 4), which does not occur in the curve for fully green seedlings (fig. 5). An intermediate type of curve, linear between p1I 8.5 and 11.0, is characteristic of very young seedlings just after their emergence from the ground. when, from the standpoint of chemical c...

The World-Wide Web is growing quickly and being applied to many new types of communications. As a basis for studying organizational communications, Yates and Orlikowski (1992; Orlikowski and Yates, 1994) proposed using genres. They defined genres as "typified communicative actions characterized by similar substance and form and taken in response to recurrent situations" (Yates and Orlikowski, 1...

When the spatial quality of reproduced sound is to be assessed, knowledge of the dimensions forming the quality is essential since the quality is known to be multi-dimensional. The dimensions could be indicated by attributes describing them. Attributes encountered during a previous experiment are considered by a group of subjects and their responses are analysed for finding the attributes’ appl...

Biodeterioration phenomena represent a complex of physical and chemical alteration processes in various materials, such as those constituting the objects that represent our cultural heritage. The biodegradation of paper is conditioned by several variables such as the materials from which cellulose is obtained, the manufacturing processes employed, the occurrence of other affecting substances su...

Experimental evolution is a powerful approach to unravel how selective forces shape microbial genotypes and phenotypes. To this date, the available examples focus on the adaptation to conditions specific to the laboratory. The lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis naturally occurs on plants and in dairy environments, and it is proposed that dairy strains originate from the plant niche. Here ...

in 2002, david alexander wrote principles of emergency planning and management. long a standard reference work in that book he described the processes of preparing for and responding to disasters, crises, and civil contingencies. he based the work on principles because he wanted to dissociate it from any particular system of emergency management. then, as now, many books in this subject are tie...