Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in females of reproductive age group. It characterised by menstrual irregularities, enlarged ovaries, infertility, high levels male hormones, excess hair on face and body, acne obesity. PCOS can result from abnormal function hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Women with have an increased risk diabetes, bloo...

Globally, fish production in the wild is decreasing, and different aquaculture systems are presently being used for broodstock development captivity. Seasonally, raised captivity exhibit form of reproductive dysfunction at level brain-pituitary-gonad (BPG) axis. Primarily, vitellogenic completion final oocyte maturation inhibited females, males fail to spermiate spontaneously Reproductive dysfu...

This review emphasizes the fundamental aspects of follicle development and also the usefulness of reproductive hormones and some clinical applications for manipulation of oestrous cycle, oestrus behavior and the ovulation rate in mares.

Introduction In the swine farms, the reproductive disorders composed of repeat breeding, vaginal discharge, anestrus, not getting pregnant and abortion are the main problem resulting in culling lots of gilts (1). It is known that reproductive function of gilts is complicated to clinically explore under field surroundings, thus the reproductive organs from the slaughterhouses are the possible so...

Among the small group of species (e.g., some temperate zone turtles, snakes, and bats) that exhibit a dissociated reproductive pattern, the red-sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) is probably the most well studied. For these species, courtship and mating occur immediately upon emergence from winter dormancy; the gonads remain essentially inactive. Male red-sided garter snakes ar...

BACKGROUND The ovarian reserve (number and quality of oocytes) is correlated with reproductive potential as well as somatic health, and is likely to have multiple genetic and environmental determinants. Several reproductive hormones are closely linked with the oocyte pool and thus can serve as surrogate markers of ovarian reserve. However, we know little about the underlying genes or genetic va...

Reproductive behaviors are tightly regulated by sex steroid hormones. Interference with these hormones or their neural signaling pathways leads to behavioral alterations. We have previously shown that oral exposure of adult male mice di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), an organic environmental endocrine disruptor, altered sexual behavior. In this study, we examined the effects pubertal DEHP and ...

Many reproductive steroids have neuroactive effects that can modulate neuronal excitability and influence emotions. Emotional disorders may result when 1) abnormal endocrine states interact with normal brain, 2) normal endocrine states interact with abnormal brain, and 3) abnormal endocrine states interact with abnormal brain. An understanding of these pathogenetic relationships and the potenti...