As with a quantitative study, critical analysis of a qualitative study involves an in-depth review of how each step of the research was undertaken. Qualitative and quantitative studies are, however, fundamentally different approaches to research and therefore need to be considered differently with regard to critiquing. The different philosophical underpinnings of the various qualitative researc...

OBJECTIVES Injury is a major public health problem. While the impacts of injury on the injured person are well documented, there is relatively little knowledge about the impacts of injury on those individuals and groups in the community connected to the injured person. This study seeks to describe this breadth of research using a meta-review methodology. STUDY DESIGN Systematic meta-review. ...

Immunological studies frequently analyze individual components (e.g., signaling pathways) of immune systems in a reductionist manner. In contrast, systems immunology aims to give a synthetic understanding of how these components function together as a whole. While immunological research involves in vivo and in vitro experiments, systems immunology research can also be conducted in silico. With ...

In an increasingly complex world of interrelated problems many governments have tried to modernise their institutional structures and the ways in which they go about making policy. In the UK and elsewhere this has been most apparent in the growing emphasis given to evidence-based policy making in contrast to faith-based approaches and the conviction politics of earlier periods. Much of the deba...

Systematic review methods are developing rapidly, and most researchers would recognise their key methodological aspects, such as a closely focussed question, a comprehensive search, and a focus on synthesising 'stronger' rather than 'weaker' evidence. However, it may be helpful to question some of these underlying principles, because while they work well for simpler review questions, they may r...

This paper investigates if design research in e-government should be conducted in some special way compared with standard models for design research. It reviews literature in e-government and design research in order to generate an answer to this research question. The result is affirmative that the policy character of e-government should have consequences for the way that e-government design r...

Academicians have been arguing for decades about whether or not faculty research supports undergraduate instruction. Those who say it does—a group that includes most administrators and faculty members—cite many ways in which research can enrich teaching, while those on the other side cite numerous studies that have consistently failed to show a measurable linkage between the two activities. Thi...

An Operational Type Theory (OPTT) is developed based on a theory of operational joinability of untyped terms. The theory accomodates functions which might diverge or abort on some inputs. To preserve logical soundness, OPTT distinguishes proofs from programs, and formulas from types. OPTT incorporates proof irrelevance, thus facilitating the combination of internal and external verification.

DISCLAIMER STATMENT " The contents of this report reflect the views of the author(s) who is (are) responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the University Transportation Research Center (UTRC). This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. " 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The ...

A measurement instrument that allows for assessment of clinical reasoning skills, understanding and knowledge of clinical and basic science and application of basic science to clinical problems. MEQs constitute a series of questions that must be answered in the sequence asked, with no review and no possibility of correcting previous answers. Questions must be answered within the allocated time,...