BACKGROUND Surfactant replacement therapy has been used for few decades for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and has significantly improved morbidity and mortality in premature infants. Non-invasive respiratory support has recently emerged as a strategy in the early management of RDS. In this review, we discuss the different strategies of early management of RDS. DATA SOUR...

Since the identification of surfactant deficiency as the putative cause of the infant respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) by Avery and Mead in 1959, our understanding of the role of pulmonary surfactant in respiratory physiology and the pathophysiology of acute lung injury (ALI) has advanced substantially. Surfactant replacement has become routine for the prevention and treatment of infant RDS...

Background The respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is one of the most common respiratory disorders in premature newborns. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of surfactant accompanied by Ventolin on the RDS in premature newborns. <...

Cytokine polymorphisms may contribute to the prevalence of respiratory distress syndrome. The present study was done to investigate the frequency of interleukin- (IL-) 10 and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α gene polymorphisms and their association with the risk of RDS in preterm infants. One-hundred and nineteen patients with RDS and 119 healthy preterm infants were enrolled. PCR restriction fr...

Logan, R. W., Crooks, S. M., Hutchison, J. H., and Kerr, M. M. (1973). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 48, 256. Blood carbonic anhydrase activity in the newborn. Erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase activity was measured in 7 adults, 12 mature newborn infants, 12 preterm low birthweight infants, 9 'dysmature' infants, 33 infants with the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and 5 infants who had re...

BACKGROUND Prematurity is still a major problem for health care services throughout the world. Before the late 1980s, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm new-borns. Frequency of RDS and ensuing mortality in infants treated with antenatal steroid is less than those delivered without this therapy. Many pregnant females deliver before ter...

Background: Preterm birth occurs in a large number of pregnancies, and its incidence has been reported to be on the rise. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in the premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The present study aimed to determine the predictive factors, clinical courses, and outcomes of AKI in the neonates with the clinical and radiological manifes...

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), which is induced by insufficient production of surfactant, is the leading cause of mortality in preterm babies. Although several transcription factors are known to be involved in surfactant protein expression, the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways upstream of these transcription factors have remained elusive. Here, using mammalian Hippo kinases (Ms...

Genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) has been suggested by studies of gender, race, family clusters, and genetically modified murine lineages. The surfactant-associated protein B gene (SFTPB) (OMIM number: 178640; GenBank number: AF400074) is a candidate gene for association with neonatal RDS due to the unequivocal respiratory distress phenoty...

As in the adult with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome, the use of lung-protective ventilation has improved outcomes for neonatal lung diseases. Animal models of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and congenital diaphragmatic hernia have provided evidence that ‘gentle ventilation’ with low tidal volumes and ‘open-lung’ strategies of using positive end-expiratory pres...