The treatment of respiratory viruses is extremely challenging in haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Outcomes related to these infections have improved over the past decade. More recently, studies have looked at respiratory virus epidemiology using molecular assays to understand the wide range of diseases in HSCT recipients. The emergence of pandemic H1N1 in 2009 encouraged i...

Impact of recently discovered viruses on epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) is still unclear. We studied the impact of recently discovered human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human bocavirus (HBoV), and new coronaviruses (HCoV-NL63 and HKU1) on the global epidemiology of ARTI. From October 2006 to April 2007, 237 pediatric patients affected by ARTI were enrolled in our study. S...

We evaluated the added value of collecting both nasal and oropharyngeal swabs, compared with collection of nasal swabs alone, for detection of common respiratory viruses by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in hospitalized children aged <10 years. Nasal swabs had equal or greater sensitivity than oropharyngeal swabs for detection of respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, human m...

PURPOSE The purpose of this prospective case-control study was to survey the detection rate of respiratory viruses in children with Kawasaki disease (KD) by using multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and to investigate the clinical implications of the prevalence of respiratory viruses during the acute phase of KD. METHODS RT-PCR assays were carried out to screen...

Objective. Most respiratory infections have similar symptoms, so it is clinically difficult to determine their etiology. This study aimed show the importance of molecular diagnostics in identifying etiological agent infections, especially during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods. A total 849 samples from patients hospitalized at University Clinical Center Kragujevac (from Ja...

Although bacteria are the main pathogens involved in community-acquired pneumonia, a significant number of community-acquired pneumonia are caused by viruses, either directly or as part of a co-infection. The clinical picture of these different pneumonias can be very similar, but viral infection is more common in the pediatric and geriatric populations, leukocytes are not generally elevated, fe...

Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are among themost common reasons for visits to primary care pediatricians and emergency departments.1 Infections with respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, human metapneumovirus, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are frequently associated with wheezing, which leads to the clinical entities of bronchiolitis in infants a...

A cohort of children attending a day care center in Salvador (Bahia, Brazil) was studied prospectively to determine the incidence of viral respiratory infectious episodes and to identify the viruses associated with them. Two hundred seventy-one nasopharyngeal samples were collected over a 1-year period for examination, using indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies against adenovi...

Viral infections are an important cause of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Numerous viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza A (H1N1) virus, have been implicated in the progression of pneumonia to ARDS; yet the incidence of progression is unknown. Despite acute and chronic morbidity associated with respiratory viral infections, particularly in "at...

There are scanty data on the epidemiology of influenza and other respiratory viruses in South America and Brazil. The aim of this study was to summarize the data from the Brazilian surveillance system of influenza and other respiratory viruses and discuss the patterns of viral circulation. The system is based on detecting cases of influenza-like illness in sentinel sites and weekly collection o...