Most supply chain works suppose retailers can credibly communicate costs to suppliers. But honest cost disclosure can be untenable because stores can shift the inventory burden upstream by inflating marginal costs (e.g., they can reduce stockout rates by exaggerating the goodwill lost to unsatisfied demand). So suppliers may not receive true cost estimates, preventing them from instituting opti...

This paper studies a competition in a decentralized supply chain between two independent suppliers who sell their products to a common retailer, under sales-rebate contract, and wherein the demand is sensitive to retail prices. The inventory related operational costs are included in the chain based on the economic order quantity model. The conditions of existence and uniqueness of the retailer’...

We present and study a three-stage model of a decentralized distribution system consisting of n retailers, each of whom faces a stochastic demand for an identical product. In the first stage, before the demand is realized, each retailer independently orders her initial inventory. In the second stage, after the demand is realized, each retailer decides how much of her residual supply/demand she ...

This paper integrates pricing and replenishment decisions for the following prototypical two-echelon distribution system with deterministic demands. A supplier distributes a single product to multiple retailers, who in turn sell it to consumers. The retailers serve geographically dispersed, heterogeneous markets. The demand in each retail market arrives continuously at a constant rate, which is...

--In this paper, we consider an integrated inventory model with one vendor and multiple retailers. In this three-tier supply chain system, the vendor purchases raw material produces into finished products, and delivers finished products to the retailers. We assume that the production (at the vendor) and the replenishment (at all the retailers) of the finished products share the common cycle tim...

This paper proposes Dynamic Multiple Depots Vehicle Routing (DMDVR) to explore the feasible solution of routing transportation between PI-hubs and retailers in same cluster. The this research is constructed by daily forecasting demand a commodity crop, Pineapple, from Thailand’s northern region. Each route composed starting hub, number retailers, an ending hub. authors propose Mixed Integer Lin...

A two-echelon one-warehouse multi-retailer inventory system is considered. Everyday, each retailer faces a stochastic demand and must choose whether to replenish or not from the warehouse. Decisions are made locally with the objective of minimizing individual ordering, storage/shortage and fixed transportation costs. The last are shared among all retailers who choose to replenish, thus motivati...

We study a newsvendor game with transshipments, in which n retailers face a stochastic demand for an identical product. Before the demand is realized, each retailer independently orders her initial inventory. After the demand is realized, the retailers select an optimal transshipment pattern and ship residual inventories in order to meet residual demands. Unsold inventories are salvaged at the ...

Accurate inventory is a key to effective supply chain management and store execution, affecting forecasting, ordering, and replenishment. Prior empirical research, however, shows that retailer perpetual inventory (PI) is inherently inaccurate. Radio frequency identification (RFID)-technology enables visibility into the movement of inventories within the supply chain. This research investigates ...

In this research, a model is established to represent a supply chain, which consists of one manufacturer and two retailers. The price-sensitive demand model is considered and the price game system is built according to the rule of bounded rationality as well as the entropy theory. With the increase of the price adjustment speed, the game system may go into chaos from the stable and periodic sta...