Dear Editor, Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) typically presents with a retinal “cherry red spot”. In CRAO, infarction of the retinal nerve fi bre layer renders the retina opaque. The fovea, where this layer is absent, retains its normal orangered colour due to perfusion from the underlying choroidal vessels, resulting in the appearance of the “cherry red spot”. Retinal survival time has...

Perioperative visual loss (POVL), a rare but devastating complication, has been reported after spine, cardiac, and head-neck surgeries.The various causes include ischemic optic neuropathy, central or branch retinal artery occlusion, and cortical blindness. The contributory factors described are microvascular diseases and intraoperative hemodynamic compromise. However, the exact association of t...

PURPOSE/BACKGROUND Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is usually a blinding event, and is not an infrequent presentation to the accident and emergency (A&E) department. The evidence-base in support of current treatment options is weak. METHODS This paper reviewed the literature germane to the diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of retinal arterial occlusive disease. RESULTS ...

Branch and hemisphere vein occlusion were produced in rhesus monkeys by argon laser photocoagulation. The following observations were made: (1) Immediately after occlusion there was venous dilatation, delayed filling of the artery, delayed drainage by the occluded vein, and capillary leakage. (2) Two patterns of evolution were identified within the first week. In some animals the fundus changes...

Branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) is a relatively rare vascular disorder characterized by the of one or more branches central artery, with an incidence around 5 per 100,000 persons year. Its ability to cause permanent vision loss in specific visual field makes it significant clinical obstacle that requires careful management. We describe case 77-year-old male patient, known hypertensive (o...