Formulaic language and sequence as the core characteristic of real-life language and native-like fluency, has been a subject of inquiry in recent decades. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of two extensive reading text types, i.e., adaptive and authentic, on Iranian EFL learners’ development of lexical bundles. To this aim, 20 intermediate EFL learners were chosen to pa...

The appearance manifold [WTL∗06] is an efficient approach for modeling and editing time-variant appearance of materials from the BRDF data captured at single time instance. However, this method is difficult to apply in images in which weathering and shading variations are combined. In this paper, we present a technique for modeling and editing the weathering effects of an object in a single ima...

We have investigated the nuclear density distributions in LaGaO3based perovskites, LaGaO3 (LG), (La0.9Sr0.1)GaO3(LSG), La(Ga0.9Mg0.1)O3(LGM), and (La0.8Sr0.2)(Ga0.8Mg0.15Co0.05)O3(LSGMC), to elucidate the ionic conduction path and disorder of oxide ions at elevated temperatures. Neutron diffraction data were collected in the temperature range from 26 to 1405oC in air, using a diffractometer HER...

Proof: We prove the lemma by the explicit construction of a graph. Consider a graph G consisting of d disjoint connected subgraphs denoted as Gj : j = 1, 2 . . . , d. Let the nodes in each subgraph have the same reward. The eigenvalues of the graph are {0, λ̂1, · · · , λ̂N−d}, where eigenvalue 0 is repeated d times. Note that the set of eigenvalues of the graph is the union of the set of eigenval...

2. Direct Adaptive Control of Scalar Plant. Let us begin with a simple scalar adaptive system, ẋp(t) = apxp(t) + kpu(t) (1) where xp(t) ∈ R is the plant state, u(t) ∈ R is the control input, ap ∈ R is an unknown scalar and only the sign of kp ∈ R is known. For the direct adaptive controller we choose a reference model as ẋm(t) = amxm(t) + kmr(t)− l(x(t)− xm(t)). (2) All of the parameter above a...

If the question of sensation or perception arises in a discussion of Hegel, the focus of the discussion is likely to be the opening chapters of the Phenomenology of Spirit of 1807. Such a focus is, however, a mistake. The examination of sense certainty and perception in the Phenomenology bears on the question of the proper categories to be applied within experience, but there is no discussion t...

This is an expository introduction, for a general mathematics audience, to the modeling of the fluid/solid phase transition and in particular to complications created by the discovery of quasicrystals. One goal is to elucidate certain features of the modeling which are ripe for mathematical investigation. * Research supported in part by NSF Grant DMS-1208941 The 2011 Nobel prize for chemistry w...

Section Editor of Acta Crystallographica Section F, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Macromolecular Crystallography (BESSY-MX), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, Section Editor of Acta Crystallographica Section F, PO Box 6483, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648-0483, USA, Section Editor of Acta Crystallographica Section D, Past-President of the International Union o...