Depolarization-Induced Suppression of Inhibition (DSI) is effectively a mechanism for feedback-inhibition of inhibition. Wilson and Nicoll [4] showed that its effect is mediated through a retrograde endocannabinoid signal. Here, we produced a simple model for DSI which matched the effects and kinetics of DSI found in empirical data. We then explored a possible function for DSI through examining...

Choline acetyltransferase mRNA and somal area increased selectively in the ventral nucleus basalis of rats trained that a tone signals immediate shock (i.e., predicts danger). Retrograde tracing showed the affected cells correspond to those that project to the auditory cortex. Behavior responses and mRNA increased significantly above those of control groups trained with the tone not signaling i...

Background The best way to assess the sobriety of a person is, of course, the direct analysis of blood sample collected at time of crime. But it is very often, that the driver that perpetrated the accident, escaped from the place of crime and the alcohol analysis is performed on blood samples taken several hours after he or she was involved in a motor vehicle accident or in some form of crime. ...

The claustrum is a functionally and structurally complex brain region, whose very spatial extent remains debated. Histochemical-based approaches typically treat the as relatively narrow anatomical region that primarily projects to neocortex, whereas circuit-based can suggest broader containing projections neocortex other regions. Here, in mouse, we took bottom-up cell-type-specific approach com...

In rats, some parvocellular paraventricular neurons project to spinal autonomic centers. Using the virus tracing technique, we have demonstrated that magnocellular neurons, but not supraoptic also preganglionic centers of mammary gland, gingiva, or lip. A part these has shown oxytocin immunoreactivity. present experiment, examined whether same neuron sends fibers retina eye projects posterior p...