OBJECTIVES SMT19969 is a novel antimicrobial under clinical development for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). The objective was to determine the comparative susceptibility of 82 C. difficile clinical isolates (which included ribotype 027 isolates and isolates with reduced metronidazole susceptibility) to SMT19969, fidaxomicin, vancomycin and metronidazole and to determine ...

The comparative in vitro activity of SMT19969, a novel, narrow-spectrum, nonabsorbable agent, was studied against 50 ribotype-defined Clostridium difficile strains, 174 Gram-positive and 136 Gram-negative intestinal anaerobes, and 40 Gram-positive aerobes. SMT19969 was one dilution more active against C. difficile isolates (MIC range, 0.125 to 0.5 μg/ml; MIC90, 0.25 μg/ml), including ribotype 0...

C. difficile infection is associated with disturbed gut microbiota and changes in relative frequencies and abundance of individual bacterial taxons have been described. In this study we have analysed bacterial, fungal and archaeal microbiota by denaturing high pressure liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and with machine learning methods in 208 faecal samples from healthy volunteers and in routine sa...

We evaluated a three-step algorithm for laboratory diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD). First, stool specimens were screened using an EIA test for glutamate dehydrogenase detection. Screen-positive specimens were tested by a rapid cytotoxintoxin A/B assay and subjected to stool culture. All cultures positive for C. difficile underwent toxigenic culture. The results sh...

The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with relapses or re-infections in patients with recurring Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs). From September 2008 to January 2012, cases with two or more isolates from consecutive CDI episodes were included. PCR-ribotyping and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis were performed using paired isolates. Among 473 patien...

Eighty-six strains of the 10 major agglutination types of Vibrio anguillarum (serovars O1 to O10) and 6 nontypeable strains of V. anguillarum have been characterized by ribotyping with a probe complementary to 16S and 23S rRNA of Escherichia coli and by plasmid profile analysis. Forty-four different ribotypes were observed with the restriction enzyme HindIII. Ribotype similarity was compared by...

This meeting focused on infections in humans and animals due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria and Clostridium difficile, and their corresponding treatments. MRSA is predominantly a human pathogen, and molecular typing has revealed that certain clones have spread widely both between humans and from humans to animals...

Although fungi, bacteria, and specific bacterial taxa, such as the actinomycetes, have been studied extensively in various habitats, few studies have examined them simultaneously, especially on decomposing leaves in streams. In this study, sugar maple and white oak leaves were incubated in a stream in northeastern Ohio for 181 days during which samples were collected at regular intervals. Follo...

Molecular biology techniques provide valuable insights in the investigation of microbial dynamics and evolution. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis is one of the most popular methods which have been used in bioprocess assessment. Most of the anaerobic digestion models consider several microbial populations as state variables. However, the difficulty of measuring individual ...

BACKGROUND Sporulation of Clostridium difficile during infection and persistence of spores within the gut could partly explain treatment failures and recurrence. However, the influence of antibiotics on sporulation is unclear. The objective of our study was to evaluate the impact of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, piperacillin/tazobactam, tigecycline, and vancomycin on C. difficile sporulation in...