We compared the effectiveness of rifampin-trimethoprim in fixed combination (3.75:1) to rifampin alone in the eradication of Haemophilus influenzae type b carriage among contacts of patients with invasive infection caused by this organism. The study population was composed of 127 index patients and 620 contacts. Twenty-six percent of contacts were colonized. Rifampin-trimethoprim eradicated car...

An assessment was made of the relative contributions of a spontaneous mutation to rifampin resistance and a cryptic plasmid, pTA2, to competitive nodulation of Medicago sativa by a strain of Rhizobium meliloti. This was facilitated by use of rifampin-resistant derivatives of this strain in which pTA2 was originally present, cured, or reintroduced. Both curing of pTA2 and spontaneous mutation to...

OBJECTIVES: Rifampin is a potent inducer of the cytochrome P450 3A4 isoenzyme (CYP3A4) that metabolizes most protease inhibitor (PI) antiretrovirals. This study was designed to evaluate the steady-state pharmacokinetics and tolerability of the coadministration of the PIs saquinavir and ritonavir (a CYP3A4 inhibitor used as a pharmacoenhancer of other PIs) and rifampin when coadministered in hea...

The efficacy of cefazolin or cefpirome alone or combined with rifampin was compared with that of vancomycin alone or combined with rifampin in an experimental model of methicillin-resistant, beta-lactamase-producing, coagulase-negative staphylococcal endocarditis. Phenotypically, the mecA gene-positive strain used in vivo did not exhibit methicillin resistance by the agar dilution or disk susce...

The objective of the present study was to examine the time course and concentration dependence of modulation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) with consequent influence on substrate uptake into brain tissue. Potential P-gp inducers (rifampin and morphine) were administered subchorionically to P-gp-competent [mdr1a(+/+)] mice to induce P-gp expression in brain; t...

Rifampin-resistant meningococcal disease occurred in a child who had completed rifampin chemoprophylaxis for exposure to a sibling with meningococcemia. Susceptibility testing of 331 case isolates found only 1 other case of rifampin-resistant disease in Minnesota, USA, during 11 years of statewide surveillance. Point mutations in the RNA polymerase Beta subunit (rpoB) gene were found in isolate...

Microsphere technology was used to develop formulations of rifampin for targeted delivery to host macrophages. These formulations were prepared by using biocompatible polymeric excipients of lactide and glycolide copolymers. Release characteristics were examined in vitro and also in two monocytic cell lines, the murine J774 and the human Mono Mac 6 cell lines. Bioassay assessment of cell cultur...

Rifampin causes drug interactions by altering hepatic drug metabolism. Because microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to regulate genes involved in drug metabolism, we determined the effect of rifampin on the expression of hepatic miRNAs. Primary human hepatocytes from seven subjects were treated with rifampin, and the expression of miRNA and cytochrome P450 (P450) mRNAs was measured by TaqMan assa...

Drosophila circadian rhythms are controlled by a neural circuit containing approximately 150 clock neurons. Although much is known about mechanisms of autonomous cellular oscillation, the connection between cellular oscillation and functional outputs that control physiological and behavioral rhythms is poorly understood. To address this issue, we performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings on l...

Abstract Fully suppressing edge-localized modes (ELMs), e.g., with resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs), is essential to reach and sustain high-performance steady-state H-mode plasmas because large ELMs can significantly reduce the lifetime of divertor components in future tokamak reactors. RMP-driven ELM suppression KSTAR has been modeled by coupling neoclassical transport code PENTRC nonlin...