the two spotted spider mite tetranychus urticae koch is one of the polyphagous pests of crops worldwide. due to undesirable effects of synthetic pesticides such as expression of resistance in mites, this research was conducted to achieve alternative safe compounds to environment. therefore, ovicidal activity of essential oils of eucalyptus salmonophloia f. muell and eucalyptus kingsmillii maide...

background: in the current iranian poultry industry, antibiotics are the most frequently used additive in poultry feeds to increase productivity. the negative effects on human health, resulting from the consumption of chicken whose feeds contain antibiotics, makes finding an appropriate alternative of great importance. as a result of their nature, herbal extracts could be specifically considere...

fasciolosis is a cosmopolitan parasitic disease with considerable economic and public health importance. fasciola hepaticais the major cause of fasciolosis in man and domestic animals. although remarkable research works have been done around the optimum temperature and time required for miracidial development, little is known aboutthe exact susceptibility of fasciola hepaticaeggs to high temper...

FORD J. W. and BLANKESPOOR H. D. 1979. Scanning electron microscopy of the eggs of three human schistosomes. Znternational Journalfor Parasitology 9: 141-145. The surface of the eggs of Schistosoma haematobium, S. japonicum and S. mansoni, examined by scanning electron microscopy, are covered with microspines. The spines of S. mansoni and S. haematobium are essentially similar; however, in S. j...

Aedes aegypti (L.) is one of the most important arboviral vectors worldwide. Vector control is targeted at immature and adult stages; however, eggs are resistant to desiccation and may repopulate treated areas long after treatment ceases. We investigated the effect of age on Ae. aegypti egg hatching rates using newly colonized populations (F2) from an arid region. We found a strongly negative a...

Ascaris suum eggs are inactivated by composting conditions; however, it is difficult to find functional changes in heat-treated A. suum eggs. Here, unembryonated A. suum eggs were incubated at 20°C, 50°C, and 70°C in vitro, and the gene expression levels related to viability, such as eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (IF4E), phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), and thioredoxin 1 (TRX1), and ...

Up to the present time the function and significance of the zona pellucida in the development of mammalian eggs has not been fully explained. Zona-free mouse eggs will develop in vitro from the 2-cell stage, or later, up to the blastocyst stage (Tarkowski, 1961; Mintz, 1962; Gwatkin, 1963). Single blastomeres isolated at the 2-cell (Mulnard, 1965), 4and 8-cell stage (Tarkowski & Wróblewska, 196...

despite of beneficial effects of antibiotics in treatments of infectious diseases, antibiotic residues in meat, milk, eggs and another products can cause serious side effects for human health. it is clear that, antibiotic residues in food stuff, cause bacterial resistance, allergic reactions, toxicity, carcinogenic effects and change of natural micro flora of intestine in consumers. so, the aim...

The surface structure of the eggs of the catfish Corydoras aeneus was examined and showed to be a unique pattern among teleosts. The surface was covered with small protuberances, which resemble attaching-filaments of teleost eggs. Eggs were, however, found to be very adhesive and since the species is known to inhabit turbid waters, this rare egg attachment mode could well be related to these en...

background: the presence of antibacterial drug residues in food caused many concerns for consumers. this study was designed to determine of antibacterial drug residues in commercial eggs distributed in urmia, iran.  methods: disc diffusion microbial inhibition test was performed using three media seeded with bacillus subtilis at different ph values (6, 7.2 or 8) and a fourth medium seeded with ...