Background: Primary health care physicians (PHCPs) are the first in the clinic to detect and help victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). Therefore, their attitude and practice toward domestic violence (DV) are important to manage this problem. The aim of current study was to compare the behavior and attitude of PHCPs about DV versus other health risk factors in Tehran, Iran.   Methods : ...

BACKGROUND According to Beck theory, dysfunctional attitude has a central role in emergence of depression. The aim of this study was to determine contributions of dysfunctional attitude and general health index to depression. METHODS In this case-control study, two groups of subjects participated. The first group consisted of 65 patients with major depression and dysthymic disorder, who were ...

Governments and their regulatory agencies normally exhibit risk-neutral attitudes in their decision-making. However, for low probability-high consequence events many decision-makers tend to be risk-averse because of the catastrophic or dire nature of the hazard or event. The degree of risk averseness can be described by utility theory. This paper will infer utility functions that reflect the le...

We explore situations in which a decision-maker bears responsibility for somebody else's outcomes as well as for her own. We study such choices for gains and losses, and for different gain probabilities. For 50-50 lotteries over gains we find that being responsible for somebody else's payoffs increases risk aversion. In the loss domain, on the other hand, we find significantly different behavio...

Using data on Uruguayan adolescents, we estimate peer effects in risk attitudes. Relative risk aversion is elicited in an experimental setting. Identification is based on parents not being able to choose the class within the school of their choice. After controlling for school-grade fixed effect and addressing endogeneity due to simultaneity, we find a significant and quantitative large impact ...

Background & aim: Effective preconception care requires childbearing women's knowledge and attitude to improve maternal and neonatal health by the early recognition of risk factors related to pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate knowledge and attitude of Iranian women regarding preconception health based on the health belief model. Meth...

Financial advisors generally assume that people differ in their risk attitudes, and they sometimes try to assess these attitudes with questionnaires about risks. But attitudes toward risks are influenced by many factors that are irrelevant to ultimate outcomes. Arguably, what is most important is the utility of money. Some people are satisfied with a no-frills retirement, while others hanker af...

One of the greatest challenges in advertising health-related information is overcoming the target audiences’ self-positivity bias (i.e., the tendency for people to believe that they are invulnerable to disease). In this article, we show that the self-positivity bias hinders message processing, and we demonstrate that message cues can reduce this bias and engage people in more precautionary thin...

This paper presents an axiomatic approach to extend the EUT to multi-periods. The standard time-separable form is recovered when the functions describing the risk and substitution attitudes are identical. Further, I argue that the standard analysis of risk aversion neglects the agent’s option to trade his lottery outcome. With trading, an agent is not indifferent to the timing of resolution of ...