his study aims to offer a model of propensity toward indebtedness using behavioral factors from 384 indebted customers of Maskan bank in Tehran. A questionnaire comprising 41 questions was administered. The questionnaire addressed demographic variables and seven behavioral factors: financial literacy, risk perception, risk behavior, emotion, materialism, indebtedness, and money-related values. ...

OBJECTIVE To test the efficacy of a school-based human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted disease (HIV/STD) risk-reduction intervention for South African adolescents. DESIGN A cluster-randomized, controlled design with assessments of self-reported sexual behavior collected before intervention and 3, 6, and 12 months after intervention. SETTING Primary schools in a large, black town...

For 30 years, more attention and resources have been expended on dissecting problems (risk assessment) than on evaluating actual solutions that reduce risks. The basic dogma holds that risk assessment must precede risk management. But there is an opposite and perhaps better way: the opening question should not be “How bad is the problem?” but “How good are the solutions we might apply to the pr...

Physicians expect a treatment to be more effective when its clinical outcomes are described as relative rather than as absolute risk reductions. We examined whether effects of presentation method (relative vs. absolute risk reduction) remain when physicians are provided the baseline risk information, a vital piece of statistical information omitted in previous studies. Using a between-subjects ...

The present study examined a causal model consisting of personal and social resources, threat appraisal processes, coping styles, and barriers to risk reduction as predictors of general AIDS risk and specific drug use behaviors among homeless African American (N = 714) and Latina (N = 691) women. The model, which was based on a stress and coping framework, supported many of the hypothesized rel...

objective: this survey aimed at studying the effects of socioeconomic and family factors in adolescents’ tendency towards smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug abuse. methods: using multistage sampling, 3530 high school students were selected in tehran, iran. they completed the iranian adolescents risk behavior scale questionnaire (iars) and demographic questionnaire with the main focus on the...

Objective: Methamphetamine consumers use can have more efficient practices, be hyperactive, and take sexual risk-taking behaviors. These behaviors are particularly remarkable in homosexuals. Methods: The present study was conducted based on casual-comparative method in the field of descriptive studies. Since 1 March to 25 June 2015, a total of 62 MSM subjects were selected ...

Estimates of the willingness to pay (WTP) for a mortality risk reduction can be used to calculate the value of a statistical life, which is a major component in many economic evaluations of environmental and safety policies. Previous research on the WTP for risk reductions using stated preference methods have found that the mean WTP for public risk reductions is significantly smaller compared t...

The development of "Top 5" lists across specialties and at regular intervals can help to remind physicians that optimal care is often possible at a lower cost. For purposes of cardiovascular risk reduction, generic statins, or their brand equivalents if priced similarly, remain the appropriate choice for dyslipidemic patients initiating statin therapy. In this article, we review the evidence su...

This paper analyzes the welfare costs of business cycles when workers face uninsurable job displacement risk that has a cyclical component. Using a simple general equilibrium model with incomplete markets, this paper shows the following result: for sufficiently high degree of risk aversion (at least one), cyclical variations in the long-term earnings losses of displaced workers can generate arb...