Ab stract We pro pose the grand chal lenge prob lem of de pend abil ity benchmarking and pre dic tion for real-time mis sion-crit i cal sys tems (RTMCSs). Eval u ating de pend abil ity would quan tify the de gree of re li ance that could jus ti fi ably be placed on a crit i cal sys tem, even in the face of par tial fail ures or ex cep tional con di tions. A com pre hen sive re sult would re qui...

Organic-rich lacustrine shales are widely developed in China, and they have long been simply regarded as homogeneous source rocks, which restricts the understanding of intrasource oil accumulation. At present, study LXF (Lower Member Xingouzui Formation) Jianghan Basin an unconventional reservoir is still its infancy, hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism unclear. Geochemical mineralogical studies...

There is often over 50% carbon loss during the thermal conversion of biomass into biochar, leading to it controversy for the biochar formation as a carbon sequestration strategy. Sometimes the biochar also seems not to be stable enough due to physical, chemical, and biological reactions in soils. In this study, three phosphorus-bearing materials, H3PO4, phosphate rock tailing (PRT), and triple ...

The UN Sustainable Development Goals highlight the myriad of socio-economic and environmental challenges occurring as a result anthropogenic chemical pollution. Urban sediments from informal settlements (slums) on Nairobi, Ngong Mathare Rivers (n = 25), were evaluated for sediment quality. Microtox bioassay identified 8 sites toxic, 9 moderately toxic non-toxic. Slum characterised by high total...

The development of froth flotation is traced from its earliest-known use through the discoveries leading to the present knowledge of the science. The factors influencing the flotation of non-sulfide and non-metallic minerals are discussed, and the machines used in commercial flotation operations are described. Experimental work on the flotation beneficiation of phosphate rock is presented as an...