One of the thermodynamic losses in the vapor-compression retr1geration cycle is the throttllng process in the expansion valve. It work is extracted from the refr1gerant during the expansion process, the efficiency of the cycle is swnificantly 1mproved. It 1s proposed that the high-pressure retngerant be used as the motive fluid of a Jet ejector. Instead of extract1ng mechanical work from the ex...

In the present study, an unlooped pulating heat pipe has been considered with two liquid slugs and three neighboirng vapor plugs.The governing equations such as momentum, energy and mass equations are solved explicitly except the energy equation of liquid slugs.The aim of the present study is to calculate the entropy generation through the performance of a pulsating heat pipe. Additionally, the...

A heat pump system is constructed tO evaluate the performance and the heat transfer characteristics. Mixtures of R22/Rl42b are adopted in the heat pump. The heat transfer in the evaporator and the overall perfomance arc measured and analyzed in terms of the compositions and the flow rate of the refrigerants. The evaporator consists of counter~currem concentric circular tubes. Possibility of cap...

Solar adsorption refrigeration is promising technology especially in the developing countries and remote areas because the system can be driven by solar energy without involving electricity. Therefore, it is technologically possible and socially feasible in the areas where electricity is not enough but solar energy is rather easy to obtain. The conventional system works intermittently and produ...

Solution chemistry of wastes from US atomic weapons production is controlled to inhibit corrosion of carbon steel tanks used in containment and storage. The pH, nitrate ion and nitrite ion concentrations of fresh solutions are maintained within specified limits for this purpose. In the start up process for a new waste evaporator (RHLWE), non-radioactive solutions of similar chemistry will be ci...

We derive slow-roll conditions for a scalar field which is non-minimally coupled with gravity in a consistent manner and express spectral indices of scalar/tensor perturbations in terms of the slow-roll parameters. The conformal invariance of the curvature perturbation is proved without linear approximations. Rapid-roll conditions are also derived, and the relation with the slow-roll conditions...

Interest in organic and polymer light-emitting devices (OLEDs and PLEDs) has exploded in recent years, in part because of the ability to create these devices on flexible plastic substrates. This is advantageous in producing wearable or lightweight displays, as well as utilizing low-cost roll-to-roll processing techniques. For the first time, we present crystalline refractory inorganic thin film...

Rights: © 2011 Elsevier BV. This is the post print version of the following article: Miettunen, Kati & Toivola, Minna & Hashmi, Ghufran & Salpakari, Jyri & Asghar, Imran & Lund, Peter. 2011. A carbon gel catalyst layer for the roll-to-roll production of dye solar cells. Carbon. Volume 49, Issue 2. 528-532. ISSN 0008-6223 (printed). DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2010.09.05 which has been published in fi...