participants in a seminar at the Reserve Bank of Australia for valuable input. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Reserve Bank of Australia. Use of any results from this paper should clearly attribute the work to the authors and not to the Reserve Bank of Australia.

James Harvey and Forest Myers are policy economists in the Division of Supervision and Risk Management of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City or the Federal Reserve System.

a , b,c * William C. Stanley , Charles L. Hoppel Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-4970, USA Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-4970, USA Veterans Affairs Medical...

and B. Zhang, Department of Civil Engineerign, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Bingham 210, Cleveland OH 44016-7201, [email protected], Department of Civil Engineerign, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Bingham 203C, Cleveland OH 44016-7201, [email protected]. Department of Civil Engineerign, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Bingham 203B,...

Working papers of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland are preliminary materials circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comment. The views stated herein are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland or of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

for helpful comments and discussion. Working papers of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland are preliminary materials circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comment. The views stated herein are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland or of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve Sys tem.

The reserve of a state of an abstract state machine was defined to be a “naked set”. In applications, it may be convenient to have tuples, sets, lists, arrays, etc. defined ahead of time on all elements, including the reserve elements. We generalize the notion of reserve appropriately. As an application, we solve a foundational problem in Gandy’s formalization of mechanical devices. Part

Abstract Several applications in the scientific simulation of physical systems can be formulated as control/optimization problems. The computational models for such generally contain hyperparameters, which control solution fidelity and expense. tuning these parameters is non-trivial general approach to manually ‘spot-check’ good combinations. This because optimal hyperparameter configuration se...

Rhodes-Kropf and Viswanathan (2004) suggest an adverse selection role of corporate cash reserve. Specifically, if investors know a bidder does not have to issue to invest, an attempt to do so sends a strong pessimistic signal of overvaluation. Despite its intuitiveness, this notion has not been explicitly studied in the empirical literature. Using a sample of acquisitions that are solely financ...

BACKGROUND The association between blood types and ovarian reserve is investigated in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS As an index of ovarian reserve, women with a follicle stimulat- ing hormone (FSH) level of ≥10 mIU/ml in the early follicular phase were designated as having diminished ovarian reserve. In this prospective study, early follicular phase serum FSH and estradiol levels and bloo...