The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) depends on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous studies revealed that both NADPH oxidase and myeloperoxidase (MPO) are required for NET release. However, the contribution of various ROS as well as the role of mitochondria-derived ROS has not been addressed so far. In the present study we aimed to investigate in a system...

While it is appreciated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) can act as second messengers in both homeostastic and stress response signaling pathways, potential roles for ROS during early vertebrate development have remained largely unexplored. Here, we show that fertilization in Xenopus embryos triggers a rapid increase in ROS levels, which oscillate with each cell division. Furthermore, we show...

In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated enhanced hypoxia and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the kidney following the administration of iodinated contrast media, which play a relevant role in the development of contrast media-induced nephropathy. Many studies indeed support this possibility, suggesting a protective effect of ROS scavenging or reduced ROS formation with the ...

Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) Ferroptosis As reported in article number 2206439 by Ling Tao, Fuyang Zhang, and co-workers, MSCs are seriously damaged the reactive oxygen species (ROS) after injection into injured liver milieu rapidly deplete due to ferroptosis driven ROS-induced lipid peroxidation, like devouring fire forest threatening entered firefighters. Strategies reducing ferroptosis, su...

Objective We have previously shown that Rose Bengal (RB) alone, not as a photosensitiser, could induce apoptotic- and non-apoptotic cell death in different melanoma cell lines. To clarify RB-induced toxicity mechanisms, role of caspases and reactive oxygen specious (ROS) were studied in melanoma cells. Material and Methods Human melanoma cell lines, Me 4405 and Sk-Mel-28 were cultured in DM...

Researchers studying the causes of male infertility have recently focused on the role played by reactive oxygen species (ROS)—a highly reactive oxidizing agent belonging to the class of free radicals. ROS are produced by a variety of semen components, and antioxidants in the seminal fluid keep their levels in check. Small amounts of ROS help spermatozoa acquire their necessary fertilizing capab...

Postoperative adhesion formation is a major clinical problem. It has been demonstrated that the pneumoperitoneum used during laparoscopy is a cofactor in adhesion formation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in a hyperoxic environment and during the ischaemia/reperfusion process. ROS activity is deleterious for cells, which protect themselves by an antioxidant system known as ROS scave...

In response to viral infection, reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate innate immune signaling or generate danger signals to activate immune cells. The mechanisms of virally induced ROS are poorly defined, however. We demonstrate that ROS are produced within minutes of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) infection of macrophages and that oxidative stress supports Ad5-induced cytokine secretion. We show that...

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), ligand-gated ion channels implicated in a variety of cognitive, motor, and sensory behaviours, are targeted to compartments rich in mitochondria, particularly postsynaptic domains and presynaptic terminals, exposing these receptors to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, these receptors can become...

Spermatozoa generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in physiological amounts, which play a role in sperm functions during sperm capacitation, acrosome reaction (AR), and oocyte fusion. In addition, damaged sperm are likely to be the source of ROS. The most important ROS produced by human sperm are hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals. Besides, human seminal plasma and sperm ...