The electromigration behaviour of copper interconnects realized in damascene architecture indicates macroscopic and microscopic electromigration divergence sites. Macroscopic divergence sites exist at the cathode end of via bottoms where the barrier layer can be a blocking boundary for the electromigration flux. As microscopic divergence can be considered triple point sites of the grain boundar...

Silicon nitride is a material compatible with CMOS processes and offers several advantages, such as wide transparent window, large forbidden band gap, negligible two-photon absorption, excellent nonlinear properties, smaller thermo-optic coefficient than silicon. Therefore, it has received significant attention in the field of silicon photonics recent years. The preparation waveguides using low...

This study examined the effects of China rose powder (Hibiscus rosasiensis) supplementation (1.5%) on the growth performance, body composition, and pigmentation of blue gourami at different stocking densities (0.6 and 0.9 fish L-1). Four treatments were assigned in this study: China rose diet+0.6 fish L-1 (CG0.6), China rose diet+0.9 fish L-1 (CG0.9), control diet+0.6 fish L-1 (C0.6) and contro...

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders that may result in significant consequences in active population of the society. In traditional manuscripts there are many indications about the antidepressant effects of rose oil, but so far no scientific research has been done about this subject. The purpose of present study was to determine the antidepressant effects of rose oil and ...