How viewers form dispositions toward narrative characters is a central question of affective disposition theory. Two routes are explained by current models: Schema activation, whereby viewers’ based on perceived role, and behavioral approbation, moral approval/disapproval behavior. What remains unclear how competing character schemas function: Do they exert their influence in the same location ...

One con transpor pumps’. *Autho Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiopathologie des Systèmes Intégrés, CNRS-Universite de Nice, FRE 3094, Parc Valrose, Nice Cedex 2, France Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Blood Service, Southmead, Bristol BS10 5ND, UK Department of Medicine, University Coll...

Policy makers and static economic models often argue that contingent fees cause lawyers to settle cases sooner than their clients would like, so as to avoid accumulating costs of bargaining. Yet, in a dynamic setting, a willingness to sink costs can be a strategic advantage when seeking to establish the credibility of threats. This paper shows that this can be the case for cost-bearing continge...

Although the Google Books Settlement has been criticized as anticompetitive, I conclude that this critique is mistaken. For out-of-copyright books, the settlement procompetitively expands output by clarifying which books are in the public domain and making them digitally available for free. For claimed in-copyright books, the settlement procompetitively expands output by clarifying who holds th...

Alternative payment instruments are studied in an economy with private information, delayed communication, and limited commitment. Attention is restricted to checks and bank drafts, which differ in resource cost and communication characteristics. Checks are less costly but settlement delays create a limited commitment constraint. We Þnd that drafts dominate at low wealths and checks at higher w...

The appropriate configuration of marine reserves for maximizing harvests or ensuring species persistence when there is uncertainty or variability in larval dispersal patterns is not completely understood. This is particularly true in environments with large alongshore advection rates, as the success of a system of marine reserves depends on connectivity through larval and/or adult dispersal bet...

The present study analyzed the development of manual midline crossing in a sample of one hundred sixty 2- to 6-year-old children and considered test construction factors that could affect the test design. The test construction factors addressed were (a) the effect of biasing the hand used for object manipulation and (b) the effect of distance from midline required for task completion on the fre...

We study non-crossing frameworks in the plane for which the classical reciprocal on the dual graph is also non-crossing. We give a complete description of the self-stresses on non-crossing frameworks G whose reciprocals are non-crossing, in terms of: the types of faces (only pseudo-triangles and pseudo-quadrangles are allowed); the sign patterns in the stress on G; and a geometric condition on ...

In the early centuries ce, Roman state attempted to monitor, tax, and protect traders travelers crossing Eastern Desert (against potentially dangerous barbaroi). These were operating from sites like Berenike Myos Hormos, key ports for Red Sea branch of Indian Ocean trade. Conversely, during course third century, this situation changed. The praesidia (small forts) lining these routes abandoned, ...

We introduce CrossY, a simple drawing application we used as a benchmark to demonstrate the feasibility of using goal crossing as the basis for a graphical user interface. We show that crossing is not only as expressive as the current point-and-click interface, but also offers more flexibility in interaction design. In particular, crossing encourages the fluid composition of commands making it ...