Abstract- Efficient message delivery in city environment is required to ensure driver’s safety and passenger’s comfortability. In cities of developed nations, routing of data in vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) faces many challenges such as radio obstacles, mobility constraints and uneven nodes distribution. These factors primarily makes communication between vehicles complex. To overcome and t...

Wireless sensor networks consist of small nodes with sensing, computation, and wireless communications capabilities. The nodes in WSN can receive and relay packets as a router. Routing is a critical issue and an efficient routing protocol makes the network reliable. Routing protocols in WSNs might differ depending on the application and architecture of network. The routing protocols are divided...

We provide an overview of the evolution of routing from its origins, even before the ARPANET, to recent algorithms that provide some Quality of Service, focusing on unicast distributed routing algorithms. We start our scheme with shortest path routing and optimal routing and conclude it with constrained routing protocols as well as a quick review of Ad-Hoc Routing protocols. KeywordsBest-effort...

In recent times wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have grown enormously and become progressively attractive in wide variety of applications. Wireless sensor networks contain tiny sensor nodes. These sensor nodes have the capability of sensing, communication and computation. Many new protocols are designed for wireless sensor networks where energy, congestion, lifetime, coverage etc are essential ...

Recently, heterogeneous wireless sensor network (HWSN) routing protocols have drawn more and more attention. Various HWSN routing protocols have been proposed to improve the performance of HWSNs. Among these protocols, hierarchical HWSN routing protocols can improve the performance of the network significantly. In this paper, we will evaluate three hierarchical HWSN protocols proposed recently-...

In this paper we investigate the performance of routing strategies in ad hoc networks. An ad hoc network operates without a central entity or infrastructure, and is composed of highly mobile network hosts. In this environment, routes tend to be multihop and routing protocols are faced with host mobility and bandwidth constraints. In recent years, numerous routing protocols of different styles h...

In recent years, on-demand routing protocols have attained more attention in mobile ad hoc networks as compared to other routing schemes due to their abilities and efficiency. There exist many ondemand routing protocols for Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETS). Most of the protocols, however, use a single route and do not utilize multiple alternate paths. Multi path routing allows the establishment ...

Many routing protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks. These routing protocols are almost always based on energy efficiency. However, recent advances in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) cameras and small microphones have led to the development of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSN) as a class of wireless sensor networks which pose additional challenges. The...

Many plain routing protocols have been proposed for mobile ad hoc networks. These protocols all assume cooperative networks and focus only on routing effectiveness and efficiency. However, mobile ad hoc networks are not a friendly environment for various reasons in nature. Routing Protocols without any security feature can put entire network at risk. As security becomes an increasingly importan...