When disrupted by stimuli such as herbivory, pathogenic infection, or mechanical wounding, plants secrete signals such as root exudates and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The emission of VOCs induces a response in the neighboring plant communities and can improve plant fitness by alerting nearby plants of an impending threat and prompting them to alter their physiology for defensive purpose...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may be important mediators of the profound molecular and cellular changes that occur after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the changes and possible roles of miRNAs induced by voluntary exercise prior to TBI are still not known. In this report, the microarray method was used to demonstrate alterations in miRNA expression levels in the cerebral cortex of TBI mice that we...

Inverse Artificial neural network (iANN) is applied to optimize the parameters for hydraulic turbine runner blades. This proposed method (iANN) inverts the artificial neural network (ANN) and uses an optimization method to find the optimum parameter value (or unknown parameter) for given required conditions. In order to do so, first an ANN, which consists of a feedforward network with one hidde...

We study a generalisation of sabotage games, a model of dynamic network games introduced by van Benthem [16]. The original definition of the game is inherently finite and therefore does not allow one to model infinite processes. We propose an extension of the sabotage games in which the first player (Runner) traverses an arena with dynamic weights determined by the second player (Saboteur). In ...

A female 10,000 metre runner, aged 28, presented with a 10 day history of pain of insidious onset in the right buttock. She had, 2 weeks before presenting, competed in a track race for selection to an international representative team, which she achieved. Five days after the race she had a 400 metre interval training session, following which she was conscious of the pain in the right buttock. S...

Sacral stress fractures are uncommon injuries that are associated with repetitive load-bearing activities. The authors describe a 23-year-old male cross-country runner who presented with low back and buttocks pain. Radiographic findings were unremarkable, but a hop test identified a sacral stress fracture. The patient was instructed to stop running and to take calcium and vitamin D supplements....

Plants are used an excellent source of drugs, and some of the currently available drugs were derived from the plant sources. In the developing countries, plant and plant-derived products still play an important role in the medical health care system. Some of the modern medicine i.e. aspirin, anti-malarial, anti-cancer and digitalis have derived from the plant source. Plants and phytochemical ha...

The internal flow in the rotating bucket of Pelton turbine is free water sheet flow with moving boundary. The runner operates under atmospheric and the cavitation in the bucket is still a controversial problem. While more and more field practice proved that there exists cavitation in the Pelton turbine bucket and the cavitation erosion may occur at the worst which will damage the bucket. So a w...