OBJECTIVE Describe changes in Nutrition Educator (NE) and Extension Agent (EA) motivation, self-efficacy, and behavioral capability over time after experiential food tasting curriculum training. Identify promoters of curriculum adoption, implementation, and future use. DESIGN Mixed methods design including surveys, lesson implementation reports, and interviews. SETTING New Mexico limited-re...

The propensity score is defined as a subject's probability of treatment selection, conditional on observed baseline covariates. Weighting subjects by the inverse probability of treatment received creates a synthetic sample in which treatment assignment is independent of measured baseline covariates. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using the propensity score allows one to obtai...

The propensity score is defined as the probability of each individual study subject being assigned to a group of interest for comparison purposes. Propensity score adjustment is a method of ensuring an even distribution of confounders between groups, thereby increasing between group comparability. Propensity score analysis is therefore an increasingly applied statistical method in observational...

We present a local relational reasoning method for reasoning about contextual equivalence of expressions in a λ-calculus with recursive types and general references. Our development builds on the work of Benton and Leperchey, who devised a nominal semantics and a local relational reasoning method for a language with simple types and simple references. Their method uses a parameterized logical r...

We tested the effects of an observational intervention (Greer & Singer-Dudek, 2008) on establishing children's books as conditioned reinforcers using a delayed multiple baseline design. Three preschool students with mild language and developmental delays served as the participants. Prior to the intervention, books did not function as reinforcers for any of the participants. The observational in...

The current tendency is to provide post-approval evidence from separate, often larger and less well controlled trials. Typical examples of these are pragmatic trials (randomisation, little/no control), purely prospective observational trials (no randomisation, no control) and use of historic controls. #3 New study design: Mixed RCT (cont.) In a Mixed RCT patients would be selected and randomise...

Background and Objectives Conditioned fear may emerge in the absence of directly experienced conditioned stimulus (CS) – unconditioned stimulus (US) pairings. Here, we compared three pathways by which avoidance of the US may be acquired both directly (i.e., through trial-and-error instrumental learning) and indirectly (i.e., via verbal instructions and social observation). Methods Following fea...