Spontaneous pneumothorax is a common condition that impacts significantly on healthcare expenditure. Its optimal management, however, remains a subject of considerable controversy. The proven safety and efficacy of minimal access video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has changed the way we manage this condition. We present VATS pleurodesis utilizing the endoscopic stapling technique for the ma...

System safety research has a weakness in terms of evaluation. In particular, the field has a poor track record for applying appropriate research methods to the questions we wish to answer, and for evaluating the answers in a convincing way. Given changes in government and public attitudes to research funding, this will be an increasing concern in the near future. In this paper, we define a taxo...

Safety cases are now regularly used to communicate the argument about the achievement of acceptable levels of safety for safety critical systems. Increasingly, safety standards such as Defence Standard 00-56 require the scope of the safety case to cover not only the development of the system, but also operating and maintenance through life, including decommissioning. This involves two dimension...

In previous papers, we asserted that software system safety is primarily concerned with epistemic questions, that is, questions concerning knowledge and the degree of confidence that can be placed in that knowledge. We also enumerated a set of 21 foundational epistemic questions, discussed some of the difficulties that exist in answering these questions adequately today, and speculated briefly ...

Introduction: Students in elementary schools due to the physical and behavioral characteristics more than adults have exposed to environmental hazards. This study was conducted to examine the environmental health and safety indices in girls' elementary schools in Ilam city. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out via census sampling method in girls' elementary schools...

Certified code systems enable untrusted programs to be proven safe to execute in a machine–checkable manner. Recent work has focused on building foundational certified code systems, where safety is defined relative to a concrete machine architecture. We wish to build a cost–effective system, with practicality along two dimensions — the intellectual effort to engineer the proofs, and the resourc...