Bilateral injections of the GABA(A) agonist muscimol into the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) disrupt satiety and induce strong ingestion of water and 0.3M NaCl in fluid-replete rats by mechanisms not completely clear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the blockade of central muscarinic cholinergic receptors with atropine injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) on 0.3...

To investigate the pathogenesis of ultrasonically nebulized distilled water-induced airway narrowing, we studied the role of airway epithelial cells during a distilled water-inhalation challenge in an animal model of airway inflammation. Guinea pigs were divided into four groups: 1) a sham/saline (S/S) group: sham ozone followed by saline inhalation; 2) a sham/water (S/W) group: sham ozone foll...

The agro-hydrological Soil–Water–Atmosphere–Plant (SWAP) model was calibrated and validated to simulate water–salt transport based on field experiments in an arid region of China. The simulation results show lower soil water content but higher salt concentration under deficit irrigation. Soil water and salinity below 95 cm at 80% evapotranspiration (ETc ) treatments and 65 cm at 60% ETc treatme...