Human Rad52 (hRad52) and Rad51 (hRad51) proteins are important components of homologous recombination machinery involved in DNA double strand break repair. hRad52 subunits oligomerize to form rings, which are further believed to stack one over another giving rise to higher order structures. Such structures bind the ends of duplex DNA to bring about DNA end joining. hRad51 exists in the native s...

Herein we report the first Ru-catalyzed C-H arylation of benzoic acids with readily available aryl (pseudo)halides. The reaction, which does not require the use of silver salt additives, allows the arylation of previously challenging hindered benzoic acids and the use of generally unreactive ortho-substituted halorarenes. Furthermore, our new protocol can efficiently be applied to indole carbox...

1. Fat malabsorption caused by bile-salt deficiency is not easily corrected by standard therapy. It has been shown in rats with bile-salt deficiency that non-ionic detergents can replace bile salts and improve fat absorption. A careful assessment of the place of synthetic detergents such as Tween in human therapy has not been reported. 2. The effects of Tween were studied in 13 patients with bi...

The effects of environmental stress exposure on Listeria monocytogenes growth and virulence-associated characteristics were investigated. Specifically, we measured the effects of temperature (7 or 37 degrees C), pH (5.5 or 7.4), the presence of salt and organic acids (375 mM NaCl, 8.45 mM sodium diacetate [SD], 275 mM sodium lactate [SL], or a combination of NaCl, SD, and SL), and deletion of s...

The N-acylation of ethanolamine (2) with various fatty acids 1a-d and esters of fatty acids 1e-h using Candida antarctica B lipase (Novozym((R)) 435) are described and optimum conditions for selective N-acylation rather than O-acylation are also discussed. Microwave assisted solution phase, solid supported and conventional methods were investigated and results were compared. There is a synergy ...

Salt ions play critical roles in the assembly of polyelectrolytes such as nucleic acids and colloids since can regulate effective interactions between them. In this work, we investigated oppositely charged particles symmetrical ( z : ) salt solutions by Monte Carlo simulations with valence ranging from 1 to 4. We found that are attractive for 1:1 low multivalent salts, while they become apparen...

Four binol based pyrrole carboxamide chiral receptors has been synthesized and effectively used as a Chirality Conversion Reagent (CCR) for underivatized amino acids. Three points of interactions take place for the conversion process. They are the reversible imine formation, the internal resonance assisted Hydrogen Bonding (RAHB) and the additional hydrogen bonds between the amino acids and the...

In this work, we report the formation of a family of organic micro-/nano-pillars prepared from surface-assisted self-assembly processes and factors controlling the growth of the pillars. These acids include cyanuric acid (CA), 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (TMA), 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid (TA) and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid (PTA). Aqueous solutions mixed with acids and me...

Background: Sperm cryopreservation has been associated with over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Buffalo spermatozoa are susceptible to ROS inducing damages due to insufficient level of cytoplsmic antioxidant along with high amount of poly unsaturated fatty acids composition in membrane structure. Therefore, appropriate antioxidant in buffalo cryopreservation extender would reduce ...

The effects of amino acids on the labellar hair chemosensory cells were examined with two kinds of flies (the fleshfly, Boettcherisca peregrina, and the blowfly, Phormia regina). As a result of this examination, the effects of amino acids were divided into four main classes. Amino acids in class 1 did not stimulate any chemoreceptor cell. Amino acids in class 2 inhibited nonspecifically the dis...