This work describes a novel and simple modification of the current microarray format. It reduces the sample/reagent volume to 1 microl and the hybridization time to 500 s. Both 20mer and 80mer oligonucleotide probes and singly labeled 20mer and 80mer targets, representative of the T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia 1 (TAL1) gene, have been used to elucidate the performance of this hybridization ...

BACKGROUND Osteochondral autografts and allografts require mechanical force for proper graft placement into the defect site; however, impaction compromises the tissue. This study aimed to determine the effect of impaction force and number of hits to seat the graft on cartilage integrity. HYPOTHESIS Under constant impulse conditions, higher impaction load magnitudes are more detrimental to cel...

Automatic transplanters have been very important in greenhouses since the popularization of seedling nurseries. End-effector development is a key technology for transplanting plug seedlings. Most existing end-effectors have problems with holding root plugs or releasing plugs. An efficient end-effector driven by a linear pneumatic cylinder was designed in this study, which could hold root plugs ...

BACKGROUND The use of autologous osteochondral grafts has become popular in the treatment of small, isolated, well-contained articular cartilage defects. However, donor site morbidity is a problem, and few reports are available of donor site morbidity after mosaicplasty. PURPOSE To examine the clinical outcomes of donor sites after osteochondral grafts from healthy knees. STUDY DESIGN Case ...

We studied the ability of barn owls to recover accurate sound localization after being raised with one ear occluded. Most of the owls had ear plugs inserted before they reached adult size, and therefore they never experienced normal adult localization cues until their ear plugs were removed. Upon removal of their ear plugs, these owls exhibited large systematic sound localization errors. The ra...