in this study, the effects of forming method (extrusion) and environmental factors (solution ph and temperature) on the corrosion performance of az91 magnesium alloys were investigated using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (eis), scanning electron microscopy (sem) and salt spray techniques. the polarization test results of the specimens showed that simple sh...

purpose: to evaluate histopathological changes induced by 0.02% mitomycin-c (mmc) in rabbits corneas. methods: this study was performed on 48 corneas of 24 rabbits (dutch type, albino). under general anesthesia, lamellar keratectomy was performed and either mmc 0.02 % (mmc group) or balanced salt solution (control group) was applied to the stromal bed for one minute. sixty days later, light mic...

For ternary polymer-salt-water systems at low polymer concentration (0.5%, w/w), we have experimentally investigated the effect of polymer size on polymer diffusiophoresis (i.e., polymer migration induced by a salt concentration gradient) and salt osmotic diffusion (i.e., salt migration induced by a polymer concentration gradient). Specifically, Rayleigh interferometry was employed to measure t...

Freshwater input to estuaries may be greatly altered by the river barrages required to meet human needs for drinking water and irrigation and prevent salt water intrusion. Prior studies have examined the salt plugs associated with evaporation and salt outwelling from tidal salt flats in single-channel estuaries. In this work, we discovered a new type of salt plug formation in the multi-channel ...

Water and salt transport properties were determined in a family of sulfonated pentablock copolymers to characterize their potential as chlorine-tolerant desalination membrane materials. The degree of sulfonation, block molecular weight, and casting conditions can be independently varied to tune the transport properties of these materials. Data for water uptake, water permeability, salt permeabi...

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the evaporation of water droplets containing either dissolved LiCl, NaCl or KCl salt in a gaseous surrounding (nitrogen) with a constant high temperature of 600 K. The initial droplet has 298 K temperature and contains 1,120 water molecules, 0, 40, 80 or 120 salt molecules. The effects of the salt type and concentration on the evaporation rate ar...

Mixing along the salt-freshwater interface is critical for geochemical reactions, transport and transformation of nutrients contaminants in coastal ecosystems. However, mechanisms controls mixing are not well understood. We develop an analytical model, based on coupling between flow deformation dispersion, that predicts dynamics steady state aquifers. The predictions compared with results detai...

In this paper I aim to show that a certain law of nature, namely that common salt (sodium chloride) dissolves in water, is metaphysically necessary. The importance of this result is that it conflicts with a widely shared intuition that the laws of nature (most if not all) are contingent. There have been debates over whether some laws, such as Newton’s second law, might be definitional of their ...

A combination of experimental, molecular dynamics, and kinetics modeling studies is applied to a system of concentrated aqueous sodium chloride particles suspended in air at room temperature with ozone, irradiated at 254 nanometers to generate hydroxyl radicals. Measurements of the observed gaseous molecular chlorine product are explainable only if reactions at the air-water interface are domin...