• For the first time, a biomass approach was used to investigate backwashed SSF. Biomass accumulated differently in scraped and slow sand filters. 16S rRNA sequencing indicated variation of bacterial community between better preserved different trophic levels after backwash. The filtrate good quality BFS ScSF despite their differences. assessed as new for evaluating filters (BSF). Slow filtrati...

Incidences of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) have risen worldwide prompting a need to better understand routes of human exposure and whether standard bacterial water quality monitoring practices adequately account for this potential threat. Beach water and sand samples were analyzed during summer months for S. aureus, enterococci, and MRSA at three southern Cal...

In laboratory sandpack tests for heavy oil recovery by alkaline flooding, it was found that wettability alteration of the sand had a significant impact on oil recovery. In this work, a heavy oil of 14 API was used to examine the effect of organic acids in the oil and water chemistry on wettability alteration. From interfacial tension measurements and sand surface composition analysis, it was c...

Conventional water treatment plant generates two types of process wastes, filter back wash water and sludge. Characteristic studies of these wastes reveals that it contains high solids content, metals and bacteriological concentration, which are generally more than permissible disposable standards. Direct disposal of these wastes in to natural stream pollutes the receiving streams, affects huma...

Shallow narrow drainfields are assumed to provide better wastewater renovation than conventional drainfields and are used for protection of surface and ground water. To test this assumption, we evaluated the water quality functions of two advanced onsite wastewater treatment system (OWTS) drainfields-shallow narrow (SND) and Geomat (GEO)-and a conventional pipe and stone (P&S) drainfield over 1...

The effects of porous medium heterogeneity on methane hydrate formation, water flow through the heterogeneous hydrate-bearing sand, and hydrate dissociation were observed in an experiment using a heterogeneous sand column with prescribed heterogeneities. X-ray computed tomography (CT) was used to monitor saturation changes in water, gas, and hydrate during hydrate formation, water flow, and hyd...

The performance of a bench-scale integrated swine wastewater treatment system was evaluated on the basis of energy recovery, fertilizer production, and water reclamation. The system consisted of one anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR), one or two aerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBR1 and SBR2), one sludge settling tank, one sand filter, and one reverse osmosis (RO) unit. The system was ...

The aim of this paper was to verify hydrological and hydrochemical changes in the Iquiparí Lagoon water column, during three months, as related to an artificial sand bar opening. A drastic reduction in water volume occurred 28 hours after the sand bar opening, exposing the bottom sediment. This was densely colonized by submerged aquatic plants, which were dominant in the ecosystem metabolism, s...