An analysis is performed to study the heat transfer characteristics of steady mixed convection flow over a permeable vertical flat plate embedded in an anisotropic fluid-saturated porous medium. The effects of uniform suction and injection on the flow field and heat transfer characteristics are numerically studied by employing an implicit finite difference Keller-box method. It is found that du...

Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) and Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) plantations account for approximately 30% of the total forested area in Japan. Both are arbuscular mycorrhizal trees that leach more NO3 in response to nitrogen (N) deposition than do forests of ectomycorrhizal trees. However, little information is available about the size of N exports from these plantations. The ...

introduction: preferential flow is one of the major processes influencing the rapid movement of pollutants to ground water.  macropores created by plant roots provide pathways for rapid transport of pollutants in a soil profile. the growth of plant roots into soil causes creation of big pores that improve water movement and solute transport through soil profile. field soils or undisturbed soils...

External costs that are associated with air pollution, climate change linked to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), and noise among the most important environmental externalities generated by road transport, which have been well monetized. This paper theoretically investigates effects of different traffic conditions on external urban roads where flow is more complicated than un-interrupted flows. A...

The objective of the present chapter is to analyze the radiation and mass transfer effects on an unsteady two-dimensional laminar mixed convective boundary layer flow of a viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting chemically reacting fluid, along a vertical moving semi-infinite permeable plate with suction, embedded in a uniform porous medium, in the presence of transverse magnetic field...

One of the thermodynamic losses in the vapor-compression retr1geration cycle is the throttllng process in the expansion valve. It work is extracted from the refr1gerant during the expansion process, the efficiency of the cycle is swnificantly 1mproved. It 1s proposed that the high-pressure retngerant be used as the motive fluid of a Jet ejector. Instead of extract1ng mechanical work from the ex...

A laboratory investigation provided preliminary comparison of trace element contaminant water treatment capabilities for four iron-based filter materials. The iron-based filter materials tested were zero-valent iron (ZVI), porous iron composite (PIC), sulfur modified iron (SMI), and iron oxide/hydroxide (IOH). Two types of trace element contaminant solutions were tested, one combined As, Cr, an...

[1] The physics regarding the retention and mobilization of colloids in saturated and unsaturated conditions remains poorly understood, partially because of the inability to measure colloid concentrations in situ. In this study, we attached Cd ions to clay colloids and used synchrotron X rays to cause the Cd to fluoresce. By measuring the fluorescence and attenuation of the X rays we obtained s...

The injection of liquid from a central well into a partially saturated aquifer of finite thickness is described using similarity solutions. The solutions illustrate that injection leads to a growing zone around the source in which the fluid fills the whole depth of the aquifer. Beyond this zone, the current adjusts to the depth in the far field as the fluid slumps under gravity. The radial exte...

A simple conceptual water balance model representing the streamflow generation processes on a daily time step following land use change is presented. The model consists of five stores: (i) Dry, Wet and Subsurface Stores for vertical and lateral water flow, (ii) a transient Stream zone Store (iii) a saturated Goundwater Store. The soil moisture balance in the top soil Dry and Wet Stores are the ...