This paper studies the effects of the structural variables of the Iranian industries sector on the welfare cost using to the Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) theory. In other words, we investigate the role of structural components and their effects on the size of the welfare cost in Iran's industry sector. We have used the Leibenstein's model to calculate the deadweight loss and then the pan...

Indian industries need overall operational excellence for sustainable profitability and growth in the present age of global competitiveness. Among different quality and productivity improvement techniques, Six Sigma has emerged as one of the most effective breakthrough improvement strategies. Though Indian industries are exploring this improvement methodology to their advantage and reaping the ...

We analyse the effects of increasing returns and regional integration on industry location and trade. Theoretically, we show that regional integration can induce a non-monotonic locus of industry location inside the customs union, with initial dispersion to the periphery and later concentration in the core. Relationships of locational dispersion with scale economies (monotonically negative) and...

• Double markups are large in U.S. manufacturing. Increasing returns to scale magnify the effects of double markups. Successive upstream industries also increase Because prices exceed marginal costs many and downstream industries, often reflect a markup. This paper estimates size across accounting for direct indirect The manufacturing significant because increasing scale.

A considerable amount of mill scale is generated from steelmaking plants annually. Although some industries use it as raw material however, since it contains iron in the form of FeO, Fe2O3, and Fe3O4, it can be considered as a valuable metallurgical raw material for iron and steelmaking industry as well. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility, efficiency, and consequences o...

There are two major theories about trade’s effect on the environment. The first, a win-lose scenario, posits that trade liberalization leads to economic growth, which, while increasing incomes, also results in an increasing scale of economic activity and, therefore, greater environmental degradation. This effect might also be compounded by a composition effect, in which countries specialize in ...

Information and communication technologies (ICTs)hold tremendous potential for rural development inGhana in the areas of agriculture, health, educationand small scale industries. However, issues such asthe availability of ICTs, electricity, literacy, telecom-munications and content have to be addressed beforeany benefits can be obtained from ICTs for ruraldevelopment.

background industrial growth is occurring exponentially, for unimpeded growth, industrial workers are recruited on a large scale globally. there are various sectors of industries present for which laborers are trained in accordance to their requirements. as workers possess the general health risk of occupational hazards, various labor laws, schemes and policies are undertaken by the government ...