A study of the chemical constituents from the Australian Sponge Hyrtios digitatus has provided a perspective on the connection between the chemistry and biology of the puupehenones, a unique and unusual class of merosesquiterpenes. In this study, a new tetracyclic merosesquiterpene, 19-methoxy-9,15-ene-puupehenol (1) was isolated from the marine sponge Hyrtios digitatus along with the known 20-...

Murine N9 microglia accumulated A beta from media containing 0.67 microM A beta within 6 h. In N9 and in primary rat microglia, chloroquine, which disrupts lysosomal pH, increased A beta-induced accumulation of A beta, particularly A beta1-42. Leupeptin similarly enhanced A beta accumulation. The scavenger receptor antagonist fucoidan did not affect acute chloroquine-dependent A beta1-42 accumu...

The hypothesis that oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) is necessary, if not obligatory, in the development of atherosclerotic lesions was formulated .20 years ago with the seminal observation that uptake of native LDL by macrophages did not result in foam cell formation. In contrast, uptake of ox-LDL via scavenger receptors resulted in the unregulated accumulation of lipid.1 Since then, multiple studies in ...

The oxidative stress causes many diseases in human, therefore antioxidants have a specialposition in the medicinal chemistry. Tyrosol is an important antioxidant with a plenty ofbiological properties. There are many strategies such as clustering single drug units in orderto develop new drugs. The cluster effect can increase drug effects relative to single drug unit.Calixtyrosol is the novel clu...

The oxidative stress causes many diseases in human, therefore antioxidants have a specialposition in the medicinal chemistry. Tyrosol is an important antioxidant with a plenty ofbiological properties. There are many strategies such as clustering single drug units in orderto develop new drugs. The cluster effect can increase drug effects relative to single drug unit.Calixtyrosol is the novel clu...

The current paper investigates a prey-predator-scavenger fishery model in which both prey and predator species release harmful toxins during predation interaction. harvesting of scavengers is introduced due to their economic value serves as one the important protein sources for humans. Both scavenger fish consume food. Scavengers devour carrion or carcasses predators die natural causes are infe...

Bioinformatics includes a suite of methods, which are cheap, approachable, and many of which are easily accessible without any sort of specialized bioinformatic training. Yet, despite this, bioinformatic tools are under-utilized by immunologists. Herein, we review a representative set of publicly available, easy-to-use bioinformatic tools using our own research on an under-annotated human gene,...

Human and mouse monocyte can be divided into two different subpopulations based on surface marker expression: CD14/16 and Ly6C/CX3CR1, respectively. Monocyte subpopulations in the pig were identified based on reciprocal expression of CD14 and the scavenger receptor CD163. The two populations, CD14(hi)-CD163(low) and CD14(low)-CD163(hi), show approximately equal abundance in the steady-state. Cu...